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Side?, The flowers coagulate boilmg milk ; and the best CheshireCheese is said to be prepared with them. The roots dye a red notinferior to madder. In the Kdinburgh Medical Commentaries wekave accounts of some violent scorbutic complaints being cureduy the juice of this plant.
GALL, ill the animal a’conomy, the same with bile. See BrLEand Anatomy .
Gai.l, in natural history, signifies any protuberance, or tumor,Produced by the punctures of insects on plants and trees of vari-°us kinds; but especially the quercus, or oak ; cistus, or rock-r °se; glechoma hederacea, or ground-ivi ; salix, or willow ; hie-faceum, or hawkwced ; salvia, or clary ; veronica, or speedwell,«c. Insects deposit their eggs in the leaves or tender branches°f plants, the juice of which exudes, and in a short time forms tu-mors around the punctures or holes. The external coat of thisexcrescence is dried by the air, and during the winter affords aSecure shelter to the inclosed insect, while the soft inner pulp fur-lll shes it with sustenance till the spring approaches when the ilyperforates the shell or rind, and departs. The best of these gallsar e those found on oak-trees, and which are thence called oak-pdls; they are deposited by the cynips quercus gemma", or oakbud-cvnips. See Cynips. A small portion of galls iniused in a''eak solution ot vitriol in water, impatts to it a purple or violetj't; which, after tire whole of the colouring matter is extracted,cconies perfectly black. Considerable quantities of this drug arettseil in Britain , tor the making of ink.
Gall, St. or St. Gallen , a considerable town in Switzer-in the Upper Thurgau, 37 miles N. E. of Zurich .
GALLA, a nation of Ethiopia , originally dwelling, as Mr.“ r uce supposes, under the line, and exercising the profession ofs *'ephetds, which they still continue to do. Tor many years, he5a ys, they have been constantly migrating northwards, though thebaiise ot this migration is not known. At fust they had no horses;
'e reason of which was, that the country they came from did not* °\v these animals to breed: hut as' they proceeded northwarda nd conquered some of the Abyssinian provinces, they soon fur-bished themselves with such numbers, that they are now almostEntirely cavalrv, and makelittle account of intantry in their armies.Galla, a town of Arabia, 21 miles S. E. of Tuas.
GALLAM, a kingdom of Attica,e Gallam, tile capital of the above kingdom, is seated on theSenegal . Lon. 9. 55. W. Lat. 14. 25. N.
„ GALLE, or PORT GALLE, a sea-port town and fort on the• ” ■ coast of Ceylon .
„ GALLEON, \_gulion, Fr.] a large ship with four or sometimesye decks, employed in the Spanish West India trade. The Spa-lai 'ds semi annually two tieets ; the one for Mexico , which thevjj B'e Hota ; and ihe ot or for Peru , which they call the galleons..T a general regulation made in Spain , it has been established,'at there should he twelve men of war and five tenders annually, kill Out for the armada or galleons ; eight ships of 600 tons bur-e b each, and three tenders, one of 100 tons, for the island Mar-B ar 'ta, and two of 80 ear h, to follow the armada; for the New_P a 'n licet, two ships of 600 tons each, and two lenders of 80*|\; and tor the Honduras fleet, two ships of 500 tons each:bd in ca-e no fleet happened to sail any years, three galleons and^wilder should be sent to New Spain tor tbe plate. They saila 01 ’? Uadiz in January, that they may arrive at Porto Bello inl’ r d; w here, the <air being over, {hey may take aboard the*“'1, and he at llavannuh with it about the middle of June;tvm th<, y aiv joined by the tlota that they may return to Spain kie greater safely.
<]: ( v. >j M-LER Y, in gardening, an ornament made with trees ofd„ eien t kinds. Galleries are very common in the trench gar-S j n ns -- kirt arc seldom introduced into the British ones, especiallyif Bie taste for dipping trees has been exploded.f 0 4 I -lery, in a ship, that beautiful frame, which is made in thetK 111 a balcony, at the stern of a ship without hoard ; into which‘ s a passage out of the admiral’s or captain’s cabin, and is de-bU'xl f or (| )( , ornanlt .,,t 0 f tbe ship.
p * Uic UliJvlMIl III \) i UH, allijJ.
t 0u A1 "LEHY, in fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a° w ' 1 ' ■- ’ - .ami loaded with
Olll
lna< ^ e of strong beams covered with planks, and loaded withe 1: . s °'iieti tries it is covered with rawhides, to defend it lro
• artificial tires of the besieged.V ° L " —NO. 91. b
Gallery of a Mine is a narrow passage or branch of amine carried on under ground to a work designed to be blownup.
GALLEYS, low flat-built vessels, furnished with cne deck,and navigated with sails and oars. The largest sort are employedonly bv the Venetians. They are commonly 162 feet long above,and 133 feet by the keel : 32 feet wide, with 23 feet length ofstern-post. They are furnished with three masts, and 32 banks ofoars ; every bank containing two oars and every oar being ma-naged by six or seven slaves, who are usually chained thereto. Inthe fore-part they have three little batteries of cannon, of whichthe lowest is of two 36 pounders, the second of two 24 pounders,and the uppermost of two 2-pounders : three 18 pounders are alsoplanted on each quarter. The complement of men for one ofthese galleys is 1000 or 1200. They are esteemed very conveni-ent for bombarding or making a descent upon an enemy’s coast,as drawing but little water; and having by their oars frequentlythe advantage of a ship of war, in light winds or calms, by can-nonading the latter near the surface ot the water ; by scouring herwhole length with their shot, and at the same time keeping on herquarter or bow, so as to be out of tbe direction ol Iter cannon.Galley is the name also of an open boat, rowing six or eight oars,and used on the Thames by Custom-house-oflicers, press-gangs,and also for pleasure. The same word denotes the kitchen of aship of war, or the place where the grates are put up, tires lighted,and the victuals generally dressed.
Galley-Slave, a person condemned, in France , to work attlie oar on board a galley, being chained to the deck.
Gai.ley-Worm, in zoology. See Iulus .
Gall Fly, in entomology.’ See Cynips.
GALLi, in antiquity, a name given to the priests of Cybele ,from the r iver Gallus in Phrygia . They were Eunuchs and Phry-gians, and in their solemn processions danced, haw led, drummed,cut and slashed themselves, playing upon timbrels, pipes, cym-bals, &c. and driving about an ass loaded with the sacred trum-pery of their goddess.
Galli, five small desolate islands on tbe coast of the Princi-pato Cilia of Naples. They are supposed to be tbe Syrenusae,or islands once inhabited by the Syrens, which Ulysses passed withso much caution and hazard.
GALLIA, in ancient geography, a large country of Europe ,called Galalia by the Greeks The inhabitants were railed G .ili,Celt ®, Celtibcri, ami Celtoscytlup. Ancient Gaul was dividedinto four different parts by the Romans, called Gallia Belgica,Narbonensis , Aqnjtamca, and Celtica. Besides these grand divi-sions there is otlen mention made of Gallia Chalpina or Citerior ,and Trans:,Ipina or Ulterior, w hich last comprehended the wholeof Gaul, properly so called, as possessed by tbe ancient Gauls .The inhabitants were great warriors, and overcame the Romanarmies, look tbe city of Rome, and invaded Greece in differentages.
1. Gallia Aqcitanica contained the late provinces of Poitou,Saintonge, Guienne, Berry, Limosin, Gascogny, Auvergne , &c.and was situated between tbe Garumna, the Pyrenean mountains,and the ocean.
2. Gallia Belgica was the largest province, bounded byGermany, Gallia Narbonensis , and the German ocean ; and con-tained the modem countries of Alsace , Lorraine, Picardy, withpart of the Low Countries, of Champagne , and of the isle ofFrance .
3. Gallia Celtica, or Lugdunensis, was bounded by Bel-gium,’ Gallia Narbonensis, the Alps , and the ocean. It con-tained the countries heretofore known by the names of Lvonnois,
1 ouraine, Franche Comt6, Seneuois, Switzerland , and part ofNormandy . It was also called Comata, because the people suf-fered their hair to grow to an uncommon length.
4. Gallia Cisalfina, or Citerior . By these names theRomans understood I hat part of Gaul which lies in Italy , on thisside ot the Alps, in regard to the inhabitants of Rome . They alsostiled it Gallia Togata , because the Roman gowns called tog® wereworn by the people.
5. Gallia Cispadana in ancient geography, was applied to<t part ot Italy conquered by some of tne Gauls ; and meantthe country on this side of the Po, w ith respect to Rome . SeeCispadana.
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