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6. Gallia Naruonemsis, which contained the provinces latelycalled Languedoc, Provence , Dauphine, and Savoy, was bound-ed by the Alps and Pyrenean mountains, by Aquitania, Belgium ,and the Mediterranean. Gallia Narbonensis was called Braccata,on account of the peculiar covering of the inhabitants for theirthighs.
7. Gallia Travsalpina, or Ulterior, was the name givenby the Romans to that part of Gaul, which lay beyond the Alps , inregard to Rome .
8. Gallia Transpadaka, was the name given to that part ofItaly, conquered by the Gauls , which lay beyond the Po, in re-spect of Rome .
GALLIARD, or GALLIARDA, a sort of dance ancientlyin great request, consisting of very different motions and actions,sometimes proceeding terra a terra, or smoothly along, some-times capering, sometimes along the room, and sometimesacross.
GALLIAMBIC VERSE, in ancient poetry, a verse consist-ing of six feet, viz. an anapa-st or spondee; an iambus, or ananapaest, or a tribrach ; an iambus ; a dactyl ; an anapaest.
GALLIC ACII), in chemistry, an acid obtained from the nut-gall. In an infusion of galls made with cold water, a sediment isformed which on examination is found to have a crystalline formand an acid taste. By letting an infusion of galls remain a longtime exposed to the air,' and removing now aiid then the mouldyskin which formed on its surface, a large quantity of this sedimentwas obtained ; which being edulcorated with cold water, redis-solved in hot water, filtrated and evaporated very slowly, yieldedan acid salt in crystals as fine as sand. Mr. Davy obtained thegallic acid in a state of considerable purity by the following me-thod : Boil for some time a mixture of carbonate of barytes andinfusion of nut-galls. A bluish green liquid is obtained, whichconsists of a solution of gallic acid and barytes. Filter and satu-rate with diluted sulphuric acid. Sulphate of barytes is depositedin the state of an insoluble powder, and a colourless solution ofgallic acid remains behind. Gallic acid, when pure, is in thetorm of transparent plates or octahedrons. Its taste is acid, andsomewhat astringent; and when heated it lias a peculiar and ra-ther unpleasant aromatic odour. It is soluble in one and a halfparts ot boiling water, and in twelve parts of cold water. Whenthis solution is heated, the acid undergoes a very speedy decom-position. Alcohol dissolves one-fourth of its weight of this acid atthe temperature of the atmosphere. When boiling hot, it dis-solves a quantity equal to its own weight. It is insoluble in ether.When exposed to the action of heat, it is sublimed without altera-tion: but a strong heat decomposes it in part, and converts it intoan acid water, carbureted hydrogen gas, carbonic acid gas, oil,and charcoal. It combines with alkaline bodies, making withthem compounds called gallates. It occasions a precipitate whenpoured into solutions of glucina, yttria, and zircon, in acids, whichdistinguishes these from the other earths, none of which are preci-pitated from their solutions by gallic acid. Upon the metallicsolutions gallic acid acts will) great energy, changing the colour,and producing precipitates in many of them. Hence it is fre-quently used as a re agent to detect the presence of metallicbodies. It is composed of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen, but thepioportious of each have not been accurately ascertained.
GALLIN7E, in ornithology, the fiftii order of birds: (he up-per mandible is channelled, extending with a margin above thelower, and a little bowed ; the nostrils are covered with a cartila-ginous membrane; they live upon grain, dust themselves, makean artless nest, and lay many eggs. Under this order arc com-prehended the peacock, pheasant, turkey, the common dunghill-cock, partridge, grous, dodo, curissoa, &c.
GALLINARA, an island on the coast of Genoa, 10 miles S.of Finale.
GALLING of a Horse ’s Back, a disorder, occasioned by-heat, and the chafing or pinching of the saddle. To prevent it,some take a hind’s skin well garnished with hair, and fit it neatlyunder the pannel of the saddle, so that the hairy side may lie nextthe horse. When a horse’s back is galled upon a journey, takeout a little of the stuffing of the pannel over the swelling, andsew a piece of soft white leather on the inside of the pannel :anoint the part with salt butter, and every evening wipe it clean,.rubbing it till it grow soft, anointing it again wilii butter, or, for
want of that, with grease: wash the swelling or hurt every even-ing with cold water and soap; and strew it with salt, which shouldbe left on till the horse be saddled in the morning.
GALLIOBOLIS, or GALLIPOLIS, a post-town of tho
United States , in the North Western Territory, seated onOhio, 140 miles E. of Columbia, and D59 S. W. of Phila-delphia .
GALLIOT, [jgalliolte, French, ] a small galley designed onlyfor chace, carrying only one mast, and two or three paltereioes; itcan both sail and row, and lias sixteen or twenty oars. All theseamen on board are soldiers, and eaeli has a musket by hinj onquitting liis oar.
GALLIPOLI, a sea-port town of Naples, in the province ofOtranto, 21 miles W. ol Otranto .
Gallipoli, a sea-port town of European Turkey , in the pro-vince of Romania , seated at the mouth ot the sea of Marmora.Lon. 20. 59. E. I.at. 40. 24. N.
GALLIUM, in botany. See Galium .
GALLO, an island of the South Sea, near the coast of Peru .Lon. 88.0. W. Lat. 2. 30. N.
GALLO-G1LEGI A, a country of Asia Minor, near Bithynia and Cappadocia .
GALLON, a measure of capacity both for dry and liquidtilings, but differs according to the quality of the tiling measured :For instance, the wine-gallon contains 231 cubic inches, and holds
8 lb. avoirdupois of pine water; the beer and ale gallon contains281 solid inches, ami holds 10 lb. 3^ ounces avoirdupois of water;and tlie gallon for corn, meal, &c. 272.J cubic inches, and holds-
9 ih. 13 ounces of pure w ater.
GALLOON, in commerce, a narrow thick kind of ferret, orace, used to edge or border cloaths, sometimes made of wool,and at others of gold or silver.
GALLOP, {gutoper, Fr. from xaXarafto,] in the manege, amotion of a horse that runs at full speed, in which making a kindof leap forwards, he lifts both his tore-legs almost at the sametime ; when these are in the air, just „> point of touching
the ground, lie lifts both his hind-legs almost at once.
GALLOPER, in artillery, is the name of a carriage, whichserves for a pound and a half-gun. This carriage lias shafts so asto be drawn wit bout a limber, and is thought by some to be moreconvenient and preferable to other field-carriages ; and it maylikewise serve for our light three and six pounders.
GALLOWAY, in geography, a county of Scotland , which isdivided into two districts ; the western, called'the Upper, and theeastern, Lower.
1. Galloway, Lower, or the Stewarlry of Kirkcudbright.
2. Gali.cway, Upper, or the county of Wigton.
Galloway, Mull of, the south cape or promontory of ah
Scotland, in the county of Galloway, on the Irish sea.
GALLOWS, [gealgo, Sax. gnlgf, Dut. which some derivefrom ns:, high, others from gallu, \Velsh, power: but it is proba-bly derived like gallon', to fright, from agitlxi'un, (he gallows, be-ing the great object of legal terror,] a beam laid over twoposts, on which malefactors are hanged.
Gallows , among our ancestors, was called furai, fork ; .aname by which il is still denominated abroad, particularly 10France and Italy . In this latter country, the reason of the iiain estill subsists; the gallows being a real fork drove into theground, across the iegs whereof is laid a beam, to which the rop L 'is tied.
GALLY, in printing, a frame into which (lie compositorempties die lines out of his composing-stick, and in which he tie’,up the page when it is completed. The gaily is formed of an ob-long square board, with a ledge on three sides, and a groove toadmit a false-bottom, called a gally-slice.
GALOP1NA, in botany, a genus of the tetrandria dig)' 11 '®class and order. Calyx none ; corolla four-cleft ; seeds two, link-ed. There is one species, viz. G. eircaoides, a native of tb eCape of Good Hope .
GALWAY, a county of Ireland , in the province of Co' 1 'naught, bounded by Clare, Tipperary, King’s County , Roscob'*mon, and the sea.
Galway , die capital of the above county, 90 miles W. of Dub-lin. Lon.!)“ W. Lat. 53° 18' N.
GALVAN I, Lewis, an eminent phvsioloaist, born at
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