GRO
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passed through the market-place, and stepping into a boat went toViilvet in Brabant. Here lie made himself known to someArmi-nians, and hired a carriage to Antwerp . At first there was a de-sign of prosecuting his wife, who staid in the prison; and somejudges were of opinion that she ought to be kept there in her hus-band’s stead : however, she was released by a plurality of voices,and universally applauded for her behaviour, lie now retired intoFrance , where he met with a gracious reception from that court,and Lewis XIII. settled a pension upon him. Having residedthere 11 years, he returned to Holland , on his receiving a verykind letter from Frederic Henry prince of Orange; but his ene-mies renewing their persecution, he went to Hamburgh; where,in 1634, Q. Christina of Sweden made him her counsellor, andsent him ambassador into France . After having discharged theduties of this office above 11 years, he returned to give an accountto Q. Christina of his embassy ; when he took Holland in his way,and received many honours at Amsterdam . He was introducedto her at Stockholm ; and there begged that she would grant hisdismission, that he might return to Holland . This he obtainedwith difficulty ; and die queen gave him many marks of her es-teem, though he had many enemies at her court too. As he wasreturning, the ship in which he embarked was cast away on thecoast of Pomerania ; and being sick, he continued his journey byland ; but he was forced to stop at Rostock , where he died on theilStli Aug. 1643. His body was carried to Delft , to be interred inthe sepulchre of his ancestors. Notwithstanding the embassies inwhich he was employed, he composed a great number of excel-lent works; the principal of which are, 1. He Jure Belli et Pads,which is esteemed a master-piece: 2. A Treatise on the Truth ofthe Christian Religion: 3. Commentaries on the holy Scripture: 4.The History and Annals of Holland : and 5. A great number ofletters: All written in Latin .
GROTSCAW, or GROTSKA4V, a town of European Tur-kov in the province of Servia.
Grotskaw, a province of Silesia.
Grots raw 7 , a strong town, capital of the above province, seatedin a fruitful plain.
GROTTGAU, or GROTTKAU , a town and territory of Si-lesia, in the principality of Neisse, 14 miles N. of Neisse .
cave made for coolness.
Grotto , or Grotta, in natural history, a large deep cavernor den in a mountain or rock. The word is formed, according toMenage, &c. from the Latin crypta. Du Cange observes, thatgrotta was used in the same sense in the corrupt Latin . The an-cient anchorites retired into dens and grottos, to apply themselvesthe more attentively to meditation. Elden Hole, Okey-hole,Peake’s Hole, and'Tool’s Hole, are famous among the naturalcaverns or grottos of England. In grottos are frequently foundcrvstals of the rock, stalactites, and other natural conglaciations,and those of an amazing beauty.
Grotto , is also used for a little artificial edifice made in a gar-den, in imitation of a natural grotto. '1 lie outsides of these grot-tos are usually adorned with rustic architecture, and their insidewith shell-work, fossils, &c. finished likewise with jets tl’eaus orfountains, &c. A cement for artificial grottos may be made thus:Take two parts of white rosin, melt it clear, and add to it fourparts of bees wax; when melted together, add two or three partsof the powder of the stone you design to cement, oi so much aswill give the cement the colour ot the stone; to this add one partet (lower of sulphur: incorporate all together over a gentle tire,and afterwards knead them with your hands in warm water. Vv iththis cement the stones, shells, &c. after being well dried beforetile fne, may be cemented. Artificial red coral-branches, for theembellishment of grottos, may be made in the following manner:lake clear rosin, dissolve it in a brass-pan; to every ounce otwhich add two drachms of the tinest vermillion: w lien y ou have stir-red them well together, and have chosen your twigs and branches,Peeled and dried, take a pencil, and paint the branches all overwhilst the composition is warm ; afterwards shape them in imitation°f natural coral. This done, hold the branches over a gentle coal-fife, till all is smooth and even as if polished. In the same man-ner white coral may be prepared with «lute-lead, ami black coralwith lamp-black. A grotto may be built with little expence, ofglass, cinders, pebbles, pieces of large flint, shells, moss, stones,v ol. __no. 99.
counterfeit coral, pieces of chalk, &c. all bound or cemented to-gether with the above described cement.
Grotto dec Cani, a little cavern near l’ozzuoli, 12 miles fromNaples , the steams whereof are of a noxious quality ; whence alsoit is called hocca venenosa, the poisonous mouth. "Two milesfrom Naples (says Dr. Mead), just by the Lago de Agnano, is acelebrated mofeta, commonly called la Grotta del Cani, and equal-ly destructive to all within the reach of its vapours. It is a smallgrotto about eight feet high, 12 long, and 6 broad; from theground arises a thin, subtile, warm fume, visible enough to a dis-cerning eye, which does not spring up in little parcels here andthere, but in one continued stream, covering the whole surface ofthe bottom of the cave ; having this remarkable ditference fromcommon vapours, that it does not like smoke disperse into the air,but quickly after its rise falls back again, and returns to the earth ;the colour of the sides of the grotto being the measure of its as-cent; for so far it is of a darkish green, but higher only commonearth. And as l myself found no ineonvemeney by standing in it,so no animal, if its head be above this mark, is the least injured.But when, as the manner is, a dog, or any other creature, is for-cibly kept below it; or, by reason of its smalli ess, cannot hold itshead above it, it presently loses all motion, falls down as dead, orin a swoon ; the limbs convulsed and trembling, till at last no moresigns of life appear than a very weak and almost insensible beatingof the heart and arteries; which, if the animal be left a little lon-ger, quickly ceases too, and then the case is irrecoverable; but ifit be snatched out, and laid in the open air, it soon comes to lifeagain, and sooner, if thrown into the adjacent lake.” The fumesof the grotto, the same author argues, are no real poison, but actchiefly'by their gravity ; else the creatures could not recover sosoon, "or if they did, some symptons, as faintness, &rc. would be theconsequence of it. He adds, “ that in creatures killed therewith,when dissected, no marks of infection appear; and that the attackproceeds from a want of air, bv which the circulation tends to anentire stoppage; and this so much the more, as the animal in-spires a fluid of a quite different nature from the air, and so in norespect fit to supply its place. Taking the animal out, while yetalive, and throwing it into the neighbouring lake, it recovers: thisis owing to the coldness of the water, which promotes the contrac-tion of the fibres, and so assists the retarded circulation ; the smallportion of air which remains in the vesiculse, after every expira-tion, may be sufficient to drive out the noxious fluid.
Grotto , or Grotta del Serpi, a subterraneous cavern nearthe village of Saffii, 8 miles from Braccano in Italy , is describedby Kirclier thus: “The grotta del serpi is big enough to hold twopersons. It is perforated with several iistular apertures, somewhatin the manner of a sieve ; out of which, at the beginning of thespring-season, issues a numerous brood of young snakes of diverscolours but all free from any particular poisonous quality. Inthis cave they expose their lepers, paralytics, arthritics, andelephantiac patients, quite naked; where," the warmth of thesubterraneous stream resolving them into a sweat, and the serpentsclinging variously all around, licking and sucking them, they be-come so thoroughly freed of all their vitious humours, that, uponrepeating the operation for some time, they become perfectlyrestored.” This cave Kirclier visited himself; and found Itwarm, and every way agreeable to the description given of it.
Grove, in gardening, a small wood impervious to the rays ofthe sun. Groves are not only great ornaments to gardens ; butalso afford great relief against the violent beats of the sun, alVoid-ing shade to walk under in the hottest parts of the day, when theother parts of the garden are useless ; so that every garden is de-fective which has not shade.
Groves have been in all ages held in groat veneration. Theproseuclue, and high places of the Jews , whither they resorted forthe purposes of devotion, were probably situated in groves: seeJoshua xxiv. 26. The proseuchre in Alexandria, mentioned byPhilo, bad groves about them because he c omplains that the Alex-andrians, in a tumult against the Jew 's, cut down the trees of theirproseuclue. The ancient Romans had a sort of groves near seve-ral of their temples, which were consecrated to some sod, anticalled luci, by an antiphrasis, a non lucendo, as being shady anddark. The veneration which the ancient Druids had fo'r groves iswell known.
G HO UND , in .etching, denotes a gummous composition smear-8 B ed