II A R
671
Cubic diamond.
lluby spinel!.
Deep blue sapphire....
Ditto paler.
Whitish ditto.
Bohemian ditto.
Emerald.
Sardonyx.
Occidental amethyst..
Crystal..'.
Cornelian.
Green jasper.
Reddish yellow ditto.
Schoerl.
Tourmaline.
Quartz.
Chrysolite.
Zeolyte.
Fluor.....
Calcareous spar.
Gypsum.
Chalk.'.
18
17
16
13
16
,17
,ir>
u
n
12
12
12
12
12
I 1,11
II11, 910,10,1010,10
8, 7, 6
5
3
3.2
4.2
3.3
3.43,8
3.8
4.2
3.3
2.82,8
4.42,62,62,62,72,02,72,72.6
3.63,0
2.72,6
3.72,1
3.5
2.72,32,7
HARE, in zoology. See Eefus.
11ARESBURY, an ancient borough of Wiltshire , on theWilly, near Warminster, ninety-four miles from London , in oldrecords called lleiglitsbury, or Heylsburv; and now writtenIlatchbury.
IIARFLEUR, an ancient town of France , in the department ofLower Seine, and late province of Normandy , thirty-six milesN. W. of Rouen . .
I1ARID1, a serpent, worshipped at Achmin in Upper Egypt .
11ARJEDALEN, a province of Sweden , in Nordland, about100 miles long, and from 40 to 30 broad; abounding in pastures,cattle, woods, mines, lakes, rivers, and fish.
I1ARIOT, or IIERIOT, inlaw, a due belonging to a lord atthe death of his tenant, consisting of the best beast, either horse,or cow, or ox, which he had at the time of his deatli; and in somemanors the best goods, piece of plate, &c. are called hariots.
HARISCIION, Aaron, a learned rabbi, and Karaite , in thefifteenth century; who wrote a Hebrew grammar, printed at Con-stantinople , in 1581 : probably the same with Aaron, the Caraite,a Jewish phvsician at Constantinople , who, about 1294, wrote aCommentary on the Pentateuch , printed at Jena, in folio, in 1710,and of which (here is an original MS. copy in the National Li-
I PARLE BACK, a town of France , in the department of Lys,and late province of Austrian I'landers, four miles N. E. otCourtrav.
HARLECH, or HARLEICII, a town of North Wales , inMerionethshire, twenty-four miles S. of Caernarvon.
HARLEM, or HAERLEM , a large and populous city of Ba-tavia, in the department of Amstel, and late province ot Holland ,ten miles W. of Amsterdam .
HARLEQUIN, in the Italian comedy, a bufloon, messed inparty-coloured doatlis; answering much the same purpose asa merry aiulrew in our drolls, on mountebanks, stages, &c.
IIARLESTON, a town of Norfolk, seated on the M aveney,sixteen miles S. of Norwich. .
IIARLING, or HERLING, a town in Norfolk, eighty-eight
HARLINGEN, a sea-port town of Batavia, in the departmentof the Eems, and late province of IVest bricsland, fouiteen milesW. of Lewarden. Lon. 5. 25. E. Lat. a3. 11. N.
HARLOW, a town in Essex , twenty-three miles N.E. ofCondon. ... - _
HARMA, Kir. ‘am**, a chariot,] an ancient town of Bocotia,said to have been built on the spot, where Ampluaraus was swal-lowed up with his chariot: whence the name.
II A R
IIABMATTAN, a remarkable periodical wind which blowsfrom the interior parts of Africa towards the Atlantic ocean . Ofthis wind we have an account in the Philosophical Transactions ,vol. 71, furnished by Mr. Norris. On that part of the coast ofAfrica which lies between CapeVtrd in I.;t. 15° N. and CapeLopez in I .at. 1° S. this wind prevails during December, January,and February. The coa>t between these two capes runs in anoblique direction nearly from W. S. \V. (o E. S. E. forming arange of upwards of 2100 miles. At tlie Isles de Los, which are alittle to tlie N. of Sierra Leone , and to the S. of Cape \erd, itblows from the E. S. E. on the Gold Coast from the N. E. and atCape l.opez, and the river Gallon, from the N. N. E. Tins windis by tlie French and Portuguese , who frequent the Gold Coast,called simply the N. E. wind, tlie quarter from which it blows.Tlie English adopt tlie word Ilarmattan, used by the Fantees, anation on the Gold Coast. It conies on indiscriminately at anyhour of the day, at any time of the tide, or at any period ot tliemoon, and continues sometimes only a day or two, sometimes liveor six days, and it Iras been known to last fifteen er sixteen.There are generally three or four returns of it every season. Itblows with a moderate force, not quite so strong as the sea-breeze(which every day during the fair season from the \V. W. S. \V.amlS.W.); but somewlr.it stronger than the land-wind at nightfrom tlie N. and N. N. U . A fog is one of the peculiarities whichalways accompanies the liarmattan. Tlie gloom occasioned bythis fog is so great, as sometimes to make even near objects ob-scure. Extreme dryness makes another extraordinary propertyof tliis wind; no dew falls during its continuance; vegetables arewithered, and tlie grass becomes dry like hay. The natives takethis opportunity to dear tlie land, by setting tire to the trees andplants while in that dry and exhausted state. The dryness is soextreme, that the covers of books, even clo.-ely shut up in a trunk,are bent as if exposed to the (ire. Household furniture is muchdamaged ; the punnels of wainscots split, and fmeered work flies topieces. Though this wind is fatal to vegetable life, and occasionstroublesome effects to the human species, it is nevertheless highlyconducive to health ; it stops the progress ot epidemics, and re-lieves the patients labouring under fluxes and intermittent fevers.Infection is not easy at that time to he communicated, even byinoculation. It is also remarkable for the cure of ulcers and cuta-neous diseases.
HARMONICA. This word, when originally appropriated byDr. Franklin to that peculiar form or mode ot musical glasses,which lie himself, after a number of happy experiments, had con-stituted, was written Armonica . It is derived (ruin tlie Greekword The radical word is rej.-iv, to suit or iit one tiling to
another. By the word i^ovia the Greeks expressed aptitudes ofvarious kinds; and from the use which they made of that expres-sion, we have reason to conclude, that it was intended to importthe highest degree of refinement and delicacy in those relationswhich it was meant to signify. Relations or aptitudes of sound,in particular, were understood by it; and ill this view, Dr. Frank-lin could not have selected a name more expressive of its natureand genius, for the instrument we are now to describe; as, per-haps, no musical tone can possibly lie finer, nor consequently sus-ceptible of juster concords, than those which it produces. Thedoctor, in his letter to F. Bcccaria, lias given a minute and elegantaccount of tlie Harmonica. “ Perhaps (says he) it may be agree-able to you, as you live in a musical countiv, to have an accountof the new instrument lately add.ed here to the great number thatcharming science was possessed ot before. As it is an instrumentthat seems peculiarly adapted to Italian music, especially that ofthe sott and plaintive kind, I will endeavour to give you such adescription of it, and of the manner of constructing it, that you orany of your friends may he enabled to imitate it, if you incline soto do, without being at the expence and trouble of tlie many*ex-perinients I have made in endeavouring to bring it to its presentperfection. You have doubtless heard tlie sweet tone that is drawnfrom a drinking-glass, by pressing a wet finger round its brim.One Mr. Puckeridge, a gentleman from Ireland , was tlie first whothought of playing tunes formed of these tones. He collected anumber of glasses of different sizes; fixed them near eacli otheron a tabic; and tuned them, by putting into them water, more orless, as each note required. The tones were brought out by press-ing his lingers roimd their brims. He was unfortunately burnt
iicrc'i