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Ver y disadvantageous circumstances; the congratulations and pre-sents of the Eastern Magi, and the shepherds ; the prophecies of“Wieou and Anna ; her flight with her husband and infant tocSypt, with their return to Nazareth ; her presence at the mar-t‘ a ge in Cana of Galilee, which Jesus dignified not only with hispresence, but by performing his first miracle, in honour of matri-‘ non y, and to supply the festive scene; with other interesting par-'eulars are recorded in Matth. ii; Luke i. ii; and John ii. Ca-Peniaum seems to have been the place where she afterwards chiefly/'sided. St. Epiphanius thinks that she followed Jesus every"here during the whole time of his preaching; though we do not"d the evangelists make any mention of her among the holy vvo-j ne " that followed him, and ministered to his necessities. She was,towever, at Jerusalem at the last passover that our Saviour cele-fated there ; she saw all that was transacted against him, followedIRl to Calvary, and stood at the foot of his cross with a constancy., °fthy of the mother of the suffering Saviour of mankind. On.'at trying occasion Jesus recommended her to the cave of his be-"ved disciple. It is not to be doubted, but that our Saviour ap-peared to his mother immediately after his resurrection ; and thatI ’f Was one of the first, to whom he vouc hsafed this great conso-I'on. She was with the apostles at his ascension, and continued,‘di them at Jerusalem , expecting the coming of the Holy Ghost.

i. 14.) After this, she dwelt in the house of St.John thet| Va "ge\ist, who took care of her as of his own mother. It is thoughte a ' he took her along with him to Ephesus , where she died in anV ' re >ne old age. There is a letter of the oecumenical council of^Phesus, importing, that in the 5th century it was believed shes , ds buried there : yet there are authors of the same age, who think/died and was buried at Jerusalem .

}a ARY > the wife of Alpheus, or Cleophas , and the mother ofSl l '' es , Jude, Joses, Simon, anASalome, is generally reckoned thebr i blessed virgin ; whence her children are called the

w thren and sisters of our Saviour. She witnessed his crucifixion ;I, , P r escnt at his burial, and prepared spices for embalming hisSee Matth. xiii. £5, xxviii. 1. Mark vi. 3, and xv. 40.jjb'xxiii. 56, and xxiv. 10. Johnxix. 25.

1") O RY ’ diueen of England, was the daughter of Henry VIII .lljj^tlierine of Arragon, and born in 1517. Her education wasg lla » and she acquired so great a knowledge of the Latin lan-J 0 h®, e as to undertake a translation of Erasmus ’s paraphrase on St.tli e 17 g° s pei, which, however, she did not complete. Duringtem b e °f her father she experienced many marks of his brutalbnipr’ al 'd her inflexible opposition to his will made him some-<l lv * on " a resolution of putting her to death, from which lie wasth ei . / e d by archbishop Cranmer . The treatment which her mo-(lhlji la d experienced, contributed much towards increasing her.enry, and to the alterations which he introduced intov ail e ? Ur ?h- During the reign of Edward she could not be pre-thi s ' v hh to join in communion with the Protestant divines. On7\' (Jr ,, Ccou nt that amiable prince was persuaded by the duke ofto '.""'berland, to set aside his sisters from the succession, and\v as clar e lady Jane Grey his heir. At his death in 1553 that ladyParti ° daim «l queen; but her reign lasted only a few days. The°' Mary became numerous, and she entered London ban,) opposition. In putting to death lady Jane and her hus-Per ^^"budley she betrayed that sanguinary and vengeful tem-tes taats CR r- as soon displayed in a violent persecution of the Pro-■ Even Cranmer , to whom she was indebted for her life,n tc esta pe her bigotry and cruelty.f Spain , el ’ ‘ "

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. hiljp Jf’o esca P e her bigotry and cruelty. In 1554 she marriedb'ditfgf /pain, e Elest son of Charles V. with whom she lived on^ixcai'j .;, 1 * erms - A disappointment occasioned by a supposedv< 5 r, of aggravated by the loss of Calais , produced a fe-

° f tl) e na *, sl ' e died in 1558 , and with her ended the dominationAny"| T P ower in England.—Watkins.

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j tuart, the daughter of James V. king of Scotland , byCorraine, was born in 1542. She was only eight days

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N>e. en H herfatl '<'r died, on which she became heiress to the''"gdom^) enr y ''III. of England endeavoured to unite the two/Ovfai of q y a '"arriage between his son Edward and the infant, °'lan<l but his offer being rejected, he sent his troops into

o°n obli’pp | le 'bey took and plundered Edinburgh , but weref/ ll Phiii of !/° le ' lun - Li 1548 Mary was contracted to Franciswhirl Ce * a ' which'court she acquired those accomplish-Gn.,- ' rendered her an object of universal admiration, and1I - K 'No. 133. J

there also she imbibed those prejudices which proved the sourceof her misfortunes. In 1558 the marriage was celebrated, and bythe direction of their father-in-law Mary and her husband assumedthe title of king and queen of England, on the supposed groundof the illegitimacy of Elizabeth, an act of ridiculous ambition,which was afterwards fatal to Mary. Tn 1559 Henry II . died, andFrancis became king of France , but in less than two years lie leftMary a widow, on which she returned to her native country, ar.dwas received by her subjects with joy. Scotland was at this timea prey to fanatical zeal. The presbyterian party carried reforma-tion to shocking lengths, by destroying abbeys, cathedrals, libra-ries, and even the monuments of the dead. Such was the stateof the kingdom at the landing of Mary, who, the first Sunday af-ter her arrival, ordered mass to be said in her chapel. This gavegreat offence to the people, and it was with difficulty they grantedto their sovereign that liberty of conscience which they claimedthemselves. Mary shewed a different temper, for she proclaimed,that any attempt towards a change or subversion of the reformedchurch, should be treated as a capital offence. Notwithstandingthis liberality on her part, the people in every pageant and specta-cle, delighted to insult the queen by ridiculing her religion. Eventhe. royal chapel was assaulted by the mob, at the instigation ofKnox tiie reformer. Several offers of marriage were made toMary, who rejected them, and bestowed her baud on Henry LordDarnley, son of the earl of Lennox, a young nobleman of prepos-sessing appearance, but weak and impetuous in his mind and tem-per, and mean and intemperate in his habits. This inauspiciousmarriage soon ended in disgust, and the enemies of both took theadvantage of widening the breach. They persuaded Darnleythat David Rizzio, an old Italian musician , whom the queen hadappointed her foreign secretary, had supplanted him in her affec-tions. A conspiracy was formed, and one night, while the queenwas at supper with the countess of Argvle, Iienry conducted hisconfederates to the royal apartment, where Rizzio was murderedin the presence of Mary, who was then advanced in her pregnancy.James Hepburn, earl Bothwell , became now a favourite in thecourt of Scotland ; a man of considerable intrigue, but of unprin-cipled conduct. By his arts he gained an ascendency over themind of Mary, who appointed him lieutenant of the marches. In1566 she was delivered of a son, afterwards James VI. of Scot-land , and the first of England. Darnley in the mean time seeinghimself deprived of power, and generally despised, retired to hiscountry-house, which was blown up one night, and the body ofthe king found in a garden adjoining, without any marks of vio-lence. This deed of darkness occasioned universal horror, and asit left no doubt that Bothwell was the principal cause, so it drewon Mary suspicions which were never effaced till our own days.After a mock trial Bothwell was acquitted, and he was strengthen-ed in the power he had acquired. . He now laid aside the mask,and on the 24th of April, 1567, seized the queen, and carried herto the castle of Dunbar, where by entreaties and force he prevail-ed on her to marry him. This is the great stain on the characterof this ill-fated woman, which has called forth the utmost exertionsof her enemies and her advocates. The conduct of Bothwell to-wards her after this, in keeping her a prisoner under a strongguard, does certainly carry strong presumption that she was forcedinto tliis union against her own inclination. A confederacy of themost powerful lords, in the kingdom was formed against Bothwell ,who finding himself unable to oppose them, left the kingdom, amidied miserably in Denmark . Mary was committed to the chargeof her greatest enemy, the mother ot the earl ot Murray, who hadassumed the title of regent, and the lords of the confederacy forcedthe queen to sign a renunciation of her crown in favour of her ..son,and he was accordingly crowned at Stirling . Alter this, the ene-mies of Mary, who had suffered Bothwell to quit the kingdom,caused different persons to be executed for being concerned in theking’s murder. All these solemnly acquitted Mary ot being privyto that transaction. Notwithstanding this, the council, for thepurpose of rendering her odious, and colouring their own tyranny,produced letters, purporting to be written by her, which if true,would clearly establish the fact. But they have been proved fpr-geries. Mary having escaped from her prison in the island ofLochleven, hastened to Hamilton, where she found many friends;hut the relentless Murray marching against them, the royal partywas defeated. On this Mary lied into England, where she ijn-5 K - plorrii