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plored the protection of Elizabeth, who acted with great duplicityfor some time, and at length declared that no assistance could beafforded her unless she submitted to a legal trial. After some dif-ficulties this was agreed to, and the cause was to be determined atYork by a commission, which was, finally, removed to London ,where it was declared,that “nothing had been produced whereby thequeen of England could conceive or take any evil opinion of hergood sister, for any thing yet seen." This is a sufficient vindica-tion of Mary ’s innocence, and yet she was still kept in close con-finement. The duke of Norfolk formed the design of marryingMary, in which lie was encouraged by several of the English no-bility, and also by the regent Murray. Rut this being discoveredby Elizabeth, the duke was sent to the Tower, from whence hewas not released till he promised to renounce all correspondencewith the queen of Scotland :—but afterwards renewing his ambi-tious project, he was tried and executed. After a long confine-ment at Coventry, Mary was removed fo Eollieringav castle,where she was to undergo the mock formality of a trial on thecharge of fomenting conspiracies against Elizabeth. When broughtbefore the commissioners she disclaimed their authority, and as-serted her innocence. . The commissioners, after hearing her de-fence, removed the mutter to Westminster, and, though no proofappeared to the charges, she was declared guilty of conspiring thedeath of Elizabeth. Mary received the tidings with complacenev,being wearied by her unparalleled persecutions. Many foreignpowers interested themselves in her behalf, and her son James en-deavoured to save her fife, but in vain. A warrant was sent down,and read to the royal captive, who only entreated that she mightbe permitted the consolations of her own religion. Even this fa-vour was inhumanely refused. She was beheaded in the castle ofEotberingay, Eeb. 8, 1587, after praying to God to forgive allwho had thirsted for her blood. Thus fell Mary Stuart , a prin-cess of uncommon beauty' and accomplishments as well as misfor-tunes. Her remains were interred in Peterborough cathedral,from whence they were removed by her son, and deposited inWestminster abbey '. Her memory has been successfully vindi-cated by the learned Whitaker and other writers.—Watkins.
Mary II. queen of Great Britain, eldest daughter of James II. by his first wife, was born at St. James’s in 1662. She was bredup a Protestant, and married to William III. of Nassau , thenprince of Orange, afterward king of England, in the 16th year ofher age. She staid in Holland with her husband till Eeb. 12,1689, when she came over, and was proclaimed queen of Eng-land, &c. She was an equal sharer with her husband in all therights belonging to the crown ; but the administration was lodgedsolely in the king. Sire was a princess endowed with the highestperfections both of body and mind : she loved history and poetry,of which last she was a good judge. She studied much, andwould have read more than she did, if the delicacy of her eyeshad permitted her. She devoted her leisure to architecture andgardening. She was a most gracious sovereign to her subjects;too good a wife to such a husband, and a most excellent mistressto her servants. She ordered good books to be laid in theirplaces of attendance, that they might not be idle while waiting.She was zealous for a reformation of manners, and charitable inthe highest degree, without ostentation, 'Plus excellent queendied on the 28th December 1694, at Kensington, of the small-pox, aged 33. In her the arts lost a protectress, the unfortunatea mother, and the world a pattern of every virtue. As to herperson, she was tall, of a majestic graceful mien, her countenanceserene, her complexion ruddy, and her features beautiful.
Mark Magdales, who has been generally confounded withMary the sister of Martha and Lazarus, but very improperly, wasprobably that sinner mentioned by St. Luke, in chap. vii. 36, 37,'&C. whose name lie does not tell us. There are some circum-stances, which render it probable, that she is the same personwhom he calls Mary Magdalen, in chap. viii. 2, and out of whomhe says, Jesus drove seven devils. These passages, it must beowned, afford no positive proof that the sinner mentioned beforewas Mary Magdalen ; however, it is all we have in support of thisopinion, which has been very general, though it lias been ablycontroverted. Mary Magdalen had her surname, it is thought,from the town of Magdalia in Galilee. Lightfoot thinks that thisMary is the same with Mary the sister of Lazarus. Magdalen ismentioned by the evangelists among the women that-followed our
Saviour, to minister to him, according to the custom of the Jews .St. Luke (viii. 2,) and St. Mark (xvi. 9,) observe, that this wo-man had been delivered by Jesus Christ from seven devils. Thissome understand literally, but others take it figuratively, for thecrimes and wickedness of her past life, (supposing her to be thesinner above mentioned,) from which Christ had rescued her.Others maintain, that she had always lived in virginity; and makeher quite a different person from the sinner above-mentioned ; an^by the seven devils of which she was possessed, they understand areal possession, which is not inconsistent with a holy life. This in-deed is the most probable opinion, and has been best supported.The author of a Letter to Jonas Iiainvay on the Subjects of Mag-dalen House, published in 1758, has shewn by a variety of learnedremarks and quotations, both from the scriptures and from ll> ebest commentators, that Mary Magdalen was not the sinner sp"k"en of by Luke, but on the contrary that she “ was a woman ofdistinction, and very' easy in her worldly circumstances; that sl>°had laboured under some bodily indisposition, which our Lordmiraculously healed ; and that, so far as we know, her condiMwas always regular and free from censure &c. Mary Magda-len followed Christ in the last journey that he made from Gaiil L ’ eto Jerusalem, and was at the foot of the cross with Mary his h> 0 'llier. (John xix. 25. Mark xv. 47.) She also had the happingof first seeing our Saviour after his resurrection. See Matt. xxviH;
5, &c. Mark xvi. 6, &c. John xx. II, 17. As to the-pretend?®History of Mary Magdalen, which is said to have been written 1,1Hebrew by Marcelln, servant of Martha; this can only relate t0 .Mary the sister of Martha were it true, but it is a mere piece 0 ’imposture. ,
Mary, St. an island in the East Indian Ocean , on the N- ^'coast of Borneo . Lon. 114. 30. E. Lat. 6. 30. N.
Mary, St. a fertile island in the Indian Ocean , 9 miles fro 1 * 1the E. coast of Madagascar ; 45 miles long and about 8 broad. .
MARYBOROUGH, a town of Ireland , the capital of Queen*county, in Leinster . Lon. 7. 20. W. Lat. 53. 0. N.
MARYLAND, one of the seventeen United States of An' ,e *rica, so named in honour of Henrietta Maria, the consort of k^fiCharles I. It lies between 38° and 40° Lat. N. and between'*and 7S° Lon. W. of London . It is bounded on the N. by Pen 11 'sylvania; E. by Delaware ; S. E. and S. by the Atlantic Oce 3 ' 1 ’and by Virginia on the S. W. and W. It is divided into ninetycounties, eleven of which are on the western shore of Chesap?®hay, viz. St. Mary’s, Calvert, Montgomery, Washington, Chad*[Baltimore , Ann Arundel, Harford, Frederick, Allegany,
Prince George’s: and eight on the eastern shore ; viz. C* cl ' 1Kent, Queen Anne ’s, Caroline, Talbot, Somerset, Dorcbe^ljand Worcester . The climate is mild and agreeable, suited . , ,agricultural productions and fruit-trees. In the interior h'Ccountry the inhabitants are healthy ; hut in the flat country, n e .the marshes, they are subject to intermittents. Chesapeak ^divides this state into the eastern and western shores. It all' 0 *several good fisheries, and is of immense advantage to the 5 t3l >sIt receives a number of the largest rivers in the United StafcEast of the blue ridge of mountains, which stretches across the „ Sipart of this state, the land is generally level and free of s lon -‘ ( ifWheat and tobacco are the staple commodities. In thecountry, on the uplands, considerable quantities of hemp and r t ci)are raised. Those of the country live on their plantations; °. ;rseveral miles distant from each other. The chief towns arenapolis and Baltimore. The trade of Maryland is principallyA).,ried on from Baltimore , with the other states, with thedies, and with some parts of Europe . To these places they s i() ,annually about 30,000 hogsheads of tobacco, besides large 4°'^tides of wheat, flour, pig-iron, lumber, and corn ; beans, I’ j,.and flax-seed, in smaller quantities ; and receive in return, f . j,s,ing for themselves and negroes, and other dry goods, wines, spsugars, and other West India commodities. The Roman k.’ 1lies, who were the first settlers in Maryland , are the most 1,111ous religious sect. Besitles these, there are Protestant bans, English, Scots, and Irish, Presbyterians, GermanGerman Lutherans, Friends, Baptists , Methodists, and N lC °or New Quakers . ,
MASAl’UERO, an island of the South Sea, lying 111 ,
45. S. Eon. 80. 46. W. It is very high and mountainous; ‘’Lit”a distance seems to consist of one hill. It is of a triangul® 1 s >'