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Requests Courts oe, (cura requisitionum), was a court of |equity, of the same nature with the court oi chancery, but interior |to it; principally instituted for the relief of such petitioners as inconscionable cases addressed themselves by supplication to hismajesty. Of this court the lord privy-seal was chief judge, as-sisted by the masters of requests. It began about 9 Hen . VII ac-cording to Sir Julius Ciesar’s tractate upon this subject: thoui-hMr. Gwyn, in his preface to his Readings, saith it began from .commission first granted by Henry VIII . This court, having as-sumed great power to itself, so that it became burthensome, Mich,anno 40 and 41 Eliz. in the court of common-pleas it was adjudgedupon solemn argument, that the court of requests was no court ofJudicature , &c. and by stat. 16 and 17 Car 1. c. 10, it was takenaway. There are still however courts of requests, or courts ofconscience, constituted in London and other trading and populousdistricts for the recovery of small debts.
REQUIEM, in the Romish church, a mass sung for the rest ofthe soul of a person deceased.
RESARCELE'E.in heraldry, is where a slender cross is chargedupon another.
RESCEIT, [receptio, Lat.J in law, an admission or receivingof a third person to plead his right, in a cause formerly commencedbetween the other two.
RESCISSION, in the civil law, is an action intended for theannulling or setting aside any contract, deed, &c.
RESCRIPT, an answer delivered by an emperor, or a pope,when consulted by particular persons on some difficult question orpoint of law, to serve as a decision thereof.
RESCUE, or RESCOUS, is the taking away and setting atliberty, against law, any distress taken for rent, or services, ordamage feasant; but (he more general notion of rescous is, theforcibly liberating another from an arrest or some legal commit-ment.
RESEDA, Dyer’s-weed, Yellow-weed, Weld, or Wild-■woad ; a genus of the trigynia order, and dodeeandna class ofplants ; natural order, Miscellanea;. Calyx one-leafed, parted ;petals laciniate; capsule gaping at the mouth, one-celled. Thereare thirteen species; none of these plants, except the 11. odorata,sweet reseda, or mignonette, are cultivated in gardens, unless forthe sake of variety, having little beauty to rocommend them.The root of the mignonette is composed of many strong fibres,which run deep into the ground . it has several stems, about a footlong, dividing into many.small branches; leaves oblong, of a deepgreen colour; the flowers are produced in loose spikes at the endsof the branches, on long foot-stalks, having large calyxes; thecorollas are of an herbaceous white colour. It is supposed to bea native of Egypt .
RESEMBLANCE, and DISSIMILITUDE, the relations oflikeness and difference among objects. See Comparison, Fi-«ure, Metaphor, Oratory, Poetry, &c.
RESERVATION, inlaw, an action or clause whereby some-thing is reserved, or secured, to one’s self.
Reservation, Mental, a proposition which, strictly taken,and according to the natural import of the terms, is false ; but, ifqualified by something concealed in the mind, becomes true.Mental reservations are the great refuge of religious hypocrites,who use them to accommodate their consciences with their in-terests : the Jesuits were zealous advocates for mental reservations ;yet are they real lies, as including an intention to deceive.
RESERVE, inlaw. See Reservation.
Reserve, or Corps df. Reserve, in military affairs, the thirdor last line of an army, drawn up for battle ; so called becausethey are reserved to sustain the rest as occasion requires, and notto engage but in case of necessity.
RESERVOIR, a term chiefly used fora place where wateris collected and reserved, in order to be conveyed to distant placesthrough pipes, or supply a fountain, or jet d’eau.
RESET, in law, the receiving or harbouring an outlawed per-son. See Outlawry.
RESHD, or RESHT, a city of Persia , capital of the provinceofGhilan, six mites S. E. of the Caspian Sea .
RESIDENCE, in the canon and common law, the abode ofa parson or incumbent upon his benefice ; and his assiduity in at-tending on the same.
RESIDENT, an agent, minister, or officer, residing in any dis-
tant place with the dignity of an ambassador. Residents are aclass of public ministers, inferior to ambassadors or convoys ; but,like then'. ;id turner the protection of the law of nations.
RESIDENTIARY, [residentiarias, Eat.] a canon installedinto Hie privileges and profits of residence.
RESIDUAL FIGURE, in geometry, the figure remainingam , ublracting a less from a git ater.
Residual Root, in algebra, a root composed of two parts ormembers, connected together by the sign—. Thus x—y is aresidual root, so called, because its value is no more than the dif-ference between its purls x and y.
RESIDUE, [ residuum , Lat.] the remainder or balance of anaccount, debt, or obi gation.
RESIGNATION, in the canon law, the surrendering a bene-fice into the hands of the collator, or bishop.
IvESIGNEE, in law, the person to whom a thing is re-signed.
R ESI N, a viscid, tenacious juice, which either exudes naturally,or is obtained by incision, from different trees, and shrubs, such asthe pine, fir, &c. It is somewhat transparent, hard, and brittle,possesses a disagreeable taste; and is not soluble in water; thoughit may, in general, be dissolved in spirit of wine, and also in ex-pressed and essential oils. There are numerous resins, obtainedfrom various trees, which differ in taste, colour, smell, and con-sistence. Such are the Common Resin, Pitch, Mastich , Lau-danum, Guaiacum, &c. the properties of which are stated intheir alphabetical series. Considerable quantities of common resinare employed by salt-boilers, in combination with wbeatenflour, to render the grain of salt smaller; and likewise by musicalinstrument-makers, and musicians, for effecting greater vibrationsby the bows of violins. It has farther been conjectured, that resinmight be so prepared, as to adapt it to the purposes of makingcandles.— Rosin. This substance is extracted from different speciesof the fir, and the resinous matter obtained from it lias received dif-ferent names. That procured from the pinus sylvestris is the com-mon turpentine; from the pinus larix, Venice turpentine; andfrom the pinus balsamea, balsam of Canada. Tin; turpentine isobtained by stripping the hark off the trees ; a liquid juice flowsout, which gradually hardens. This juice consists of oil ot turpen-tine and rosin. By distilling the turpentine the oil passes over,and the rosin remains behind. By distilling to dryness commonrosin is obtained. When water is added, while it is yet fluid, andincorporated by agitation, what is called yellow rosin is formed.—Pitch is a resinous juice obtained from the pinus picca, pitch,pine. It is purified by melting and squeezing it through linen-bags,and it is then known by the name of white, or Burgundy pitch.White pitch mixed with lamp-black forms black pitch.— Sandaruc.This resinous substance is extracted from the juniper. It is aspontaneous exudation from this plant in the form o; brown tears,which arc semitransparent and brittle. Bee Balsam, Coi*al,Gujacum, &c.
RESINOUS ELECTRICITY, is that kind of electricitywhich is produced by exciting bodies of the resinous kind, andwinch now witii more propne-ty is called negative electricity. See|-T LECTRICITY.
RESISTANCE, or RESISTING FORCE, in philosophy,denotes, in general, any power which acts in an opposite direction,to another, so as to destroy or diminish its effect. See .Mechanics,Hydrostatics, Pneumatics , and Projectiles.
RESOLVENTS, in surgery, such as are proper for dissipatingtumours, without allowing them to come to suppuration.
RESOLUTION, or SOLUTION, in mathematics, is an or-derly enumeration of several tilings to be done, to obtain What isrequired in a problem.
Resolution, in algebra, is of two kinds ; the one practisedin numerical problems, the other in geometrical ones. See Al-gebra .
Resolution, in chemistry, the reduction of a mixed body intoits first principles, as far as can be done by a proper analysis.
Resolution, in medicine and surgery, the disappearing ofany tumor without coming to suppuration or forming an abscess.
Resolution, in music. To resolve a discord or dissonance,says Rousseau , is to carry it according to rule into a consonancein the subsequent chord. See Music.
Resolution oe Forces, or of Motion, is the resolving or'
dividing