RES
RET
477
dividing of any one force or motion, into several others, in other di-rections, but which, taken together, shall have the same effect asthe single one; and it is the reverse of the composition of forcesor motions. See Mechanics.
Resolution, a bay on the W. coast of St. Christina, one ofthe Marnuesas’s islands, in the South Sea. Lon. 139- 9. W, Lat.9. 55. S.
Resolution Harbour, a port in the island ofTanna, in theS. Pacific Ocean ; of a mile long, and not half a mile broad.As the coast abounds with wood and water it is extremelyconvenient for European ships. Lon. 169. 44. W. Lat. 19. 32. S.
Resolution Island, one of the latest discovered SocietyIslands , in the S. Pacific Ocean. Lon. 141. 15. W. Lat.17- 24. S.
Resolution Island, an island in the N. Atlantic Ocean , 60miles in circumference, on the N. side of the entrance into Hud-son’s Straits. Lon. 65. 0. W. Lat. 51. 40. N.
RESONANCE, RESOUNDING, in music, Sec. a soundreturned by the air enclosed in the bodies of stringed instruments,such as lutes, &c. or even in those of wind-instruments, asflutes, &c.
RESPIRATION, the act of breathing. See Anatomy , andPhysiology.
RESPITE, in law,signifies a delay, forbearance,or prolongationof time, granted to any one for the payment of a debt or the like.
RESPONDENT SUPERIOR, in law, is a superior’s an-swering for the insufficiency of an inferior. Thus, if the sheriffsof London are insufficient, the lord-mayor.and commonalty mustanswer for them, as the sheriffs superior.
Respondent, in the schools, one who maintains a thesis, inany art or science ; who is thus called, from his being to. answer allthe objections proposed by the opponent.
Respondent, in law, a person who undertakes to answer foranother ; and also, one who binds himself as a security for ano-ther person’s good behaviour.
RESPONDEAS OUSTER, is to answer over in an action tothe merits of the cause. As if a demurrer is joined upon a plea tothe jurisdiction, person, or writ, and it be adjudged against the de-fendant, it is a respondeas ouster.
RESSAULT, in architecture, is the effect of a body whicheither projects or sinks back ; that is, stands more out or in, thananother, so as to be out of the line or level with it.
RESSORT, a French word, sometimes used by English au-thors to signify the jurisdiction of a court, and particularly onefrom which there is no appeal. Thus it is saul that the house oflords judge en dernier ressort, or in the last ressort.
REST is the continuance of a body in the same place, or itscontinual application or contiguity to "the same parts of the am-bient or contiguous bodies; and therefore is opposed to motion.See Motion.
Rest, in poetry, is a short pause of the voice in reading, beingthe same with the caisura, which, in Alexandrine verses, falls onthe sixth syllable ; but, in verses of ten or eleven syllables, falls°n tlie fourth. See Poetry.
RESTAURATION, the act of re-establishing or setting a thingor person in its former good state.
Restauration, in architecture, the act of repairing thoseParts of a building that are gone to decay, in such a manner as togive it its original strength and beauty.
REST-HARROW, or CAMMOCK. See Ononis . A de-coction of this plant has been much recommended to horses la-bouring under a stoppage of urine.
RESTIO, in botany, a genus of the triandria order, and dioeciaclass of plants. Calyx three-leaved, two of the leaflets boat-snaped ; corolla three-leaved, leaflets lanceolate, one wider;e male, germ three-sided; style one, seldom two or three ; stigmasfie, two, three, feathered. There are twenty-eight species.
leSft plants are all natives of the Cape of Good Hope , wherethafcl '°^ t ^ Cm are use ^ * or ma k' D g ropes, for brooms, or for
fnvlam i ^EUTION, in physics, is restoring an elastic body,to.ubly bent, to its natural state. Sec Elasticity.
to hi/vTfT 01 *’ 111 a ! 110ral and legal sense, is restoring a personfrom [lim' ’ ° r letllniil 'S something unjustly taken or detained
VOL, iv.— no. 189.
Restitution of Medals, or Restituted Medals, or ra--ther Coins, is a term used by antiquaries for such coins and me-,dais as were struck by the emperors, to retrieve the memory oftheir predecessors. Hence, in several medals, we find the lettersrest. 'Phis practice was first begun by Claudius , by his strikingafresh several medals of Augustus. Nero did the same ; andTitus, after his father’s example, struck restitutions of most of hispredecessors. Gallienus struck a general restitution of all thepreceding emperors on two medals; the one bearing an altar, theother an eagle, without the rest.
RESTIVE, or RESPY, in the manege, a stubborn,, unruly-,ill-broken horse, that stops or runs back, instead of advancingforward.
RESTORATION is the same with restauration. See Re-stauration. In England the return of king Charles II. in 1660,is, by way of eminence, called the Restoration ; and the 29th ofMay is kept as an anniversary-festival, in commemoration of thatevent, by which the regal and episcopal government was re-stored.
RESTORATIVE, in medicine, is a remedy proper for re-storing and retrieving the strength and vigour both of the bodyand animal-spirits..
RES TRICTION, among logician. - ., is limiting a term, so as;to make it signify less than it usually does.
RESTRINGENT, in medicine, is the same with astringent..See Astringents.
RESULT, the conclusion and effect of a set of philosophical,experiments.
RESUMMONS, inlaw, is tiie second summons or calling iperson to answer an action, where the first summons is defeated;by any accident, as the death of a party', or the like.
RESUMPTION, a word used in various senses thus, in law,it signifies the king’s taking again into his own hands, such lands,&c. as he had before, on false suggestions, granted to a person byletters patent. In the schools, it signifies a summary repetition of,an argument, in order to confute it. The same word is also usedby logicians, for the reduction of some figurative or quaint propo-sition, to one more plain or intelligible ; as, the meadows smile;that is, look pleasant.
RESURRECTION, in theology, is that event, the belief ofwhich constitutes one of the principal articles in the Christian,creed: and of which the wisest of the heathen philosophers hadnot the most distant conception. From different passages in Isaiah,Daniel, Ezekiel, and Job, many inferred the reality of a generalresurrection. This resurrection appears to have been a generalopinion among the Pharisees ; for although the Sadducees believedthat there was no resurrection, neither angel nor spirit, yet thePharisees confessed both. Numberless fanciful conjectures havebeen made respecting the manner in which the resurrection is tobe accomplished ; the identity of the matter of the bodies raised,with that of those which died ; the place and state of the soulsduring their separation from the body, Ac. but as no decisive opi-nion can be formed on these subjects,, we think it totally unneces-sary to take up room with mere unsupported hypotheses".
RESUSCITATION, the same with resurrection and revivifi-cation. See Resurrection.
Resuscitation is particularly used by chemists for the repro-ducing a mixed body from its aslies; an art to which many havepretended, as to reproduce plants, Ac. from.their ashes.
Retail, in commerce. See Trade.
RETAINER, inlaw, a servant, who only attends upon spe-cial occasions.
RETAINING FEE, the first fee given to a serjeant or coun-sellor at law, in order to make him sure, and prevent his pleadingon the contrary side..
RETARDATION, in physics, the act of diminishing the ve-locity of a moving body. See Gunnery, Mechanics, Pneu-matics , and Projectiles.
RETE, [Lat-1 a net, in anatomy, gives name to several partsfrom their resemblance to net work: as,
Rete Mirabile, a small plexus or net-work of vessels in thebrain, surrounding the pituitary gland.
Rete Mucosum. See Anatomy.
RETENTION,, a faculty of the mind,, whereby it keeps, orretains, those simple ideas it has once received,.by sensation or re-6 F flection.