REV 479 R E V

Martin: on the day following the octave of St. Martin : on theday next after fifteen days of St. Martin . In the common pleas,in three weeks from St. Michael: in one month from St. M iciutel:on the day after All-souls: on the day after St. Martin : on theoctave of St. Martin: in fifteen days from St. Martin . It is tol>e observed, that, as in the king’s bench, all returns are to bemade oil some particular dayVif the week in each term, care mustbe taken not to make the writs out of that court returnable on anon-judicial day ; such as Sunday, anti All-saints, in Michaelmasterm, the purification in Hilary, the ascension in Easter, andMidsummer day, except it should fall on the first day of Trinityterm.

RETURNS, in a military sense, are of various sorts, hut alltending to explain the state of the arm y, regiment, or company ;namely, how many capable of doing duty, on duty, sick in quar-ters, barracks, infirmary, or hospital : prisoners, absent with orwithout leave ; total effective : wanting to complete the establish-ment, &c. “

RE'i USARl, an island of Russia , a long slip of land, or rathersand, through the middle of which runs a ridge of granite. It isSO miles \V, of Petersburg!! by water, four from the shore of lu-gria, and nine from the coast of Carelia.

KETZ1A, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, andpentandria class of plants, natural order, Campaiptcese. Corollacylindrical, villose on the outside; stigma bifid; capsule two-celled, many-seeded. There is but one species, viz. R. spicata ;it is found on the highest mountains, near the Cape of GoodHope .

REVEILLE', [French, ] a beat of drum about break of day,to give notice that it is time for the soldiers to arise, and that thesentries are to forbear challenging.

REVEL, a sea-porl-town of Russia , in the late Livonia, capi-tal of the province ofRevelskoi, situated at the S. entrance ot thegulf of Finland, partly oil a plain and partly on a mountain;133 miles S. W. of Petersburg!], and 85 S. E. of Abo.

REVELS, entertainments of dancing, masking, acting come-dies, farces, &c. and anciently very frequent in the inns of court9 »d in noblemen’s houses, but now much disused. The officerwho has the direction of the revels at courtis called the Master ofthe Revels.

RIM ELATION, is the act of revealing or making a thingpublic that was before unknown ; it is also used for the discoveriesmade by God to his prophets, and by them to the world ; andmore particularly for the books of the Old and New Testament.See Bible, Christianity , Miracle, Prophecy, and Theo-logy.

REVELLO, a town of France , in the dcpaitment of the Po,and late marquisate of Saluzzo , in the late Piedmontese, threemiles N. W of Saluzzo .

REVENGE, is one of the most detestable passions that tormentthe human breast, and which consists in a vindictive desire ofavenging real or imaginary wrongs. It widely differs from thetransient or sudden resentment or. indignation we fee: at the firstPerception of an injury ; and which, if it do not exceed the limits°[ moderation, is often commendable, nay, at times necessary forself-preservation. On the contrary, revenge is a deliberate andmalignant vice, that is frequently committed, several years after

* 10 offence had been given. This passion generally prevails inu eak, uninformed, or immoral, persons, who scruple not to exer-1,su 'be most iniquitous reprisals: in order to prevent such barba-[°us conduct, all civilized nations have enacted laws, for prevent-

the gratification of private malice. T hese, however, are tooevaded ; and a species of revenge, sanctioned by the law ola ' s °'iO"r, is suffered to exist with impunity, which is, in all respects,i‘ " lea n and degrading as the practice of pugilism, while it pro-* l1 p e pv°' 1S 'M" e " cts equally fatal. See Auger, and Duel.

■ yEVLNUE, in hunting, a fleshy lump formed chiefly by a

• mier of whitish worms on the head of the deer, supposed to oc-asion the casting of their horns bv gnawing them at the root.

vett F ? N, K ’< ^ OVAI ’ t ' lal "hu ll the British constitution hasSiei 't . U1 l ' 1L ’ 9 su PI ,(Jit Lis dignity, ami maintain his power;

S eo! S 7, f>0,t ' 0n ' vhich 0;u '’ subject contributes of his property, toc ], 'I 1 L l . 1 ,' a '' 1< .' er ; T his revenue is either ordinary or extraor-sism.f c . ' 1 • u ' birig’s ordinary revenue is such as has cither sub-ime out of nuud ft. the crown ; or else has been granted by

parliament, by way of purchase or exchange for such of the king’sinherent hereditary revenues as were found inconvenient to thesubject. In saying that it has subsisted time out of mind in thecrown, we do not mean that the king is at present in the actualpossession of the whole of his revenue. Much (nay the greatestpart) of it is at this day in the hands of subjects; to whom it hasbeen granted out from time to time by the kings of England :which has rendered the crown in some measure dependent on tiiepeople for its ordinary support and subsistence. So that we mustbe obliged to recount, as parr of the royal revenue, what lords ofmanors and other subjects frequently look upon to be their own•absolute rights; because they and their ancestors are and have,been vested in them for ages, though in reality originally derivedfrom the grants of our ancient princes. I. The first of the king’sordinary revenues, which may be taken notice of, is of an eccle-siastical kind (as are also the three succeeding ones), viz. the cus-tody of the temporalities of bishops. See Temporalities. 2 .T’he king is entitled to a corody, as the law calls it, out of everybishopric; that is, to send one of iiis chaplains to be maintainedby the bishop, or to have a pension allowed him till the bishoppromotes him to a benefice. It is sup|xised to be now fallen intototal disuse ; though Sir Matthew Hale says, that it is due of com-mon right, and that no prescription will discharge it. 3. The kingalso is entitled to all the tithes arising, in extraparochial places:though, perhaps, it may lie doubted how far this article, as well asthe last, can be properly reckoned a part of the king’s own royalrevenue; since a corody supports only his chaplains, and theseextraparochial tithes are held under an implied trust that the kingwill distribute them for the good of the clergy in general. 4. Thenext branch consists in the first-fruits and tenths of all spiritualpreferments in the kingdom. See Tenths. 5. The-next branchof the king’s ordinary revenue (which, as well as the subsequentbranches, is of a lay or temporal nature) consists in the rents andprofits of the demesne lands of the crown. These demesne lands,leruaj doininicales regis, being either the share reserved to thecrown at the original distribution of landed property, or such ascame to it afterwards by forfeitures or other means, were ancientlyvery large and extensive ; comprising divers manors, honours,and lordships; the tenants of which had very peculiar privileges,when we speak of the tenure in ancient demesne. At presentthey arc contracted within a very narrow compass, having beenalmost entirely granted away to private subjects. This has occa-sioned the parliament frequently to, interpose; and particularlyafter king William IIL had greatly impoverished the crown, allact passed, whereby all future grants or lea-es from the crow n forany longer term than 31 years, or three lives, are declared lo bevoid; except with regard to houses, which iraj be granted for 5nyears. And no reversionary lease can be made, so as to exceed,together with the estate in being, the same term of three lives or31 years; that is, when there is a subsisting lease, of which thereare 20 years still to come, the king cannot grant a future interest,to coiinnei'ce after the expiration of the former, for any longerterm than 11 years. The tenant must also be made liable to bepunished for committing waste: and the usual rent must be re-served, or, where there has usually been no rent, one-third of theclear yearly value. The misfortune is, that this act was made toolate, after almost every valuable possession of the crown had beengranted away for ever, or else upon very long leases; but may beof benefit to posterity, when those leases come to expire. 6. Hi-ther might have been referred the advantages which were used toarise to the king from the profits of bis military tenures, to whichmost lands in the kingdom were subject, till the statute if Car. II.c. 24, which in great measure abolished them all. Hither alsomight have been referred the profitable prerogative ot purveyanceand pre-emption ; which was a right enjoyed by the crown ofbuying up provisions and other necessaries, for the use ol his-royalhousehold, at an appraised valuation, in preference lo all others,and even without consent of the owner - and also of forcibly im-pressing the carriages and horses of the subject, to do the king’sbusiness on the public roads, in the conveyance of timber, baggage,and the like, however inconvenient to the proprietor, upon payiimhim a settled price. But the powers of purveyance liaviiig faTleninto disuse during the suspension of monarchy,.Charles 11. at.hisrestoration, consented, by the same statute, to resign entirelythose brandies of his revenue and power: ami the parliament, in

part