R E V____4 80 _R E V

part of recompense, settled on him, his heirs, and successors, for jever, the hereditary excise ot lid. per barrel on all beer and ale jsold in the kingdom, and a pioportionable sum for certain other jliquors. 7. A seventh branch might also be computed to have Jrisen from wine-licences; or the rents payable to the crown by!such persons as are licensed to sell wine by retail throughout Bri- jtain, except in a few privileged places. These were first settled jon the crown by the statute 12 Car. II. c. 23, and, together with ]the hereditary excise, made up the equivalent in value for the loss jsustained by the prerogative in the abolition of the military tenures, |and the right ot pre-emption and purveyance ; but this revenue !was abolished bv the statute 30 Geo. II. c. 19, and an annual sum ,of upwards of 7000/. per annum, issuing out of the new stamp-duties imposed on wine-licences, was settled on the crown in its stead.

S. An eighth branch of the king’s ordinary revenue is usually reckon-ed to consist in the piolits arising from his forests. See Forest .These consist principally in the amercements or fines levied foroffences against the forest-laws. 9. The profits arising from theking’s ordinary courts of justice make a ninth branch of his reve-nue. These consist not only in fines imposed upon offenders, for-feitures of recognizances, and amercements levied upon defaulters;but also iri certain fees due to the crown in a variety of legal mat-ters, as, for setting the great seal to charters, original writs, andother forensic proceedings, and for permitting fines to be levied oflands in order to bar entails, or otherwise to insure their title.These, in process of time, have been almost all granted out to pri-vate persons. 10. A tenth brand) of the king’s ordinary revenueis, the right to royal fish, which are whale and sturgeon: andthese, when either thrown ashore, or caught near the coasts, arethe property of the king. II. Another maritime revenue, and;founded partly upon the same reason, is that of shipwrecks. SeeWreck. 12. A twelfth branch of the royal revenue, the right tomines, has its original from the king’s prerogative of coinage, inorder to supply him with materials; and therefore those mineswhich are properly royal, and to which the king is entitled whenfound, are only those of silver and gold. See Mine. 13. To thesame original may, in part, be referred the revenue of treasure-trove. See Treasure-Trove. 14. Waifs. See Waif. 15.Estravs. See Estray. 16. The next branch of the king’s ordi- jnary revenue consists in forfeiture of lands and goods for offences.(See Deodand, and Forfeiture.) 17 . Another branch of theking’s ordinary revenue arises from escheats of lands, which hap-pen upon the defect of heirs to succeed to the inheritance. SeeEscheat. 18. The last branch of the king’s ordinary revenue,consists in the custody of ideots, from whence we shall be naturallyled to consider also the custody of lunatics. See Ideot, and Lu-natic. This may suffice for a short view of the king’s ordinaryrevenue, but as the profits arising from the census regalis, arealmost all alienated from the crown, to supply the deficiencies, weare now obliged to have recourse to new methods of raising mo-ney, unknown to our ancestors; which methods constitute, II.The king’s extraordinary revenue. These extraordinary grants areusually called by the synonymous names of aids, subsidies, andsupplies; and are granted by the commons in Great Britain , inparliament assembled. See Parliament , and Tax. For fartherparticulars respecting this important subject, we refer our readersto Sir John Sinclair’s Flistory of the Revenue of Great Britain .The clear nett produce of the several branches of the revenue,after all charges of collecting and management paid, amounted in |1786 to about 15,397,000/. Sterling, while the expenditure wasfound to he about 14,477,000/. Both the revenue and the ex-penditure have amazingly increased since this period, as may heseen by the following amount of the British revenue in J809 and

Consolidated Fund, exclusive of War-Taxes. jf37,8.38,034

War-Taxes .20,798,144

Revenue. 58,636,178

1810.

Consolidated Fund, exclusive of War-Taxes._/'40,046,244

War-Taxes .23,027,442

Revenue ....63,073,686

REVERBERATION, in chemistry, denotes a kind of circula-tion of the Home by means of a reverberatory furnace.

Reverberation, hi physics, is the act of a body repelling orreflecting another alter its impinging thereon.

1\ EV Elf EN D. The religious abroad are called reverend fathers,and abbesses, prioresses, &c. reverend mothers. In France , be-fore the Revolution, their bishops, archbishops, anil abbots, wereall alike most reverend. In Scotland the clergy individually arereverend, a synod is very reverend, and the general assembly isvenerable.

Fl EVER IE, the same with delirium, raving, or distraction.See Delirium, &c. It is used also for any ridiculous extrava-gant imagination, action, or proposition, a chimera or vision.But the most ordinary use of the word, among English writers, is-for a deep disorderly musing or meditat.un.

REVEKO, a strong town of Italy , 10 miles N. E, of Minm-dola, and 20 S. E. of Mantua.

REVERSAL OF JUDGEMENT, in law. A judgementmay be falsified, reversed, or voided, in the first place, without awrit of error, for matters foieign to or dehors the record, that is,not apparent upon the face of it; so that they cannot be assignedfor error in the superior court, which can only judge from whatappears in the record itself; and therefore, if the whole record benot certified, or not truly certified, by the interior court, the partyinjured thereby (in both civil and criminal cases) may allege a di-minution of the record, and cause it to be rectified. 2d!y, Ajudgement may be reversed, by writ of error, which lies from allinferior criminal jurisdiction to the court of king’s bench, andfrom the king’s bench to the house of peers; and may be broughtfor notorious mistakes in the judgement, or other parts of the re-cord. Lastly, to reverse the attainder by act of parliament. SeeAttainder.

REVERSE, in law, &c. To reverse signifies to undo, repeal,or make void.

Reverse of a Medal, Coin , &c. denotes the second orback-side, in opposition to the head or principal figure.

Reverse, in fencing, a back-stroke.

REVERSED, in heraldry, a thing turned backwards, or upsidedown.

REVERSION, in the law of England, has two significations;the one of which is an estate left, which continues during a parti-cular estate in being; and the other is the returning of the land,&c. after the particular estate is ended ; and it is further said to bean interest in lands, when the possession ot it fails, or where theestate which was for a time parted with, returns to the granters, ortheir heirs. But, according to the usual definition of a reversion,it is the residue of an estate left in the granter, after a particularestate granted away ceases, continuing in the granter of such anestate. The difference between a remainder and a reversion con-sists in this, that the remainder may belong to any man except thegranter; whereas the reversion returns to him who conveyed thelands, &c. To render the doctrine of reversions easy, we shallgive the following table; which shews the present value of onepound, to be received at the end of any number of years not ex-ceeding 40; discounting at the rate of 5, 4, and 3, per cent, com-pound interest.

Years.

Value at

5 per ct.

Value at

4 per ct.

Value at

3 per ct.

1

•9524

•9615

•9709

2

■9070

■(1245

•9426

3

•8638

•8898

■9151

4

•8227

■8543

' 8 K fi j

5

•7835

•821(1

•H62o

6

•7462

•7903

' Li 3 7

7

■7107

•7599

•8131

8

•6768

•7307

•7894

9

•6446

•7026

•7664

10

■6139

•6756

•7441

11

•5847

•6496

•7224

12

■5568

•6246

•7014

Years.