505
RUS
fliore than ii heap of bricks, cemented with bitumen. , and whereofWe only perceive the plan to have been square. Such also are theruins £>f a famous temple, or palace, near Sclriras, in Persia, whichdie antiquaries, will have to have been built by Ahasuerus, andwhich the Persians now call Tchelminar, or Chelminar; q. d. the40 columns ; because there are so many columns remaining prettyentire, with the traces of others ; a great quantity of basso-relievos,and unknown characters, sufficient to shew the magnificence of theantique architecture. The most remarkable ruins now existing ofwhole cities are those of Palmyra and Pcrsepolis ; to which may beadder! those of -Herculaneum ami Pompeium.
RUIZ1A, in botany, a genus of the polyandria order, and mo-naclelphhi class -of plants ; natural order, Columnifene. Calyxdouble, exterior three-leaved; styles ten ; capsules ten, one-celled, two-seeded, closely cohering. There are three species,ail natives of the isle of Bourbon.
RULE, in matters of literature, a maxim to be observed in anyart or science.
Rule, in a monastic sense, a system of laws or regulations, where-by religious houses are governed, and which the religious make avow at their entrance to observe. Such are the rules of the Au-gustins, Benedictines, Carthusians, Franciscans , &o.
Rule, or Ruler, an instrument of wood or metal, with seve-ral lines delineated on it; of great use in practical mensuration.When a ruler has the lines of chords, tangents, sines, &c. It iscalled a plane scale.
Rule of Three, &c. See Arithmetic, and Proportion.
Rules of Court , in law, are certain orders made from time totime in the courts of law, which attorneys are bound to observe,in order to avoid confusion ; and both the plaintiff and defendantare at their peril also bound to pay obedience to rules made incourt relating to the cause depending between them.
RUM , a spirituous liquor which is distilled from sugar-canes.The best state in which rum can be imported or preserved, is thatof rectified spirit. ; as it may thus be conveyed in one-half of itsusual compass, and afterwards reduced to the proper degree ofproof strength, by means of spring-water. It would, likewise, inthis state be better calculated for punch, both on account of itsfiner flavour, and because the strength of the mixture.may be thenmore uniformly regulated. Farther, fraudulent persons wouldnow be prevented from adulterating it with malt-spirits, and alsofrom dulcifying or sweetening it with oil of vitriol, and similar per-nicious drugs. Pure, old rmn, is incomparably more wholesomethan brandy ; Dr. Short, therefore, prefers it to any other spirit,both as a cordial, and for making punch. It softens and dilatesthe alimentary canal, while it promotes a more regular perspiration,as well as the discharge of urine. It is also of greater service innephritic complaints; and, where the constitution is broken byhard or long-continued drinking, Dr. S. recommends it in smallquantities, as being well adapted to raise and preserve the tone of*ue stomach.—We deem it, however, necessary to observe, that®ueh stimulating liquors are in no case absolutely salubrious, andou f?ht to be resorted to only as medicines.
RUMEN, the paunch , or first stomach of such animals as chewh® uud ; thence called ruminant animals. See Zootomy.anl , IEX, Dock; in botany, a genus of the trigynia order,t l ' uexaiKlria class of plants; natural order, Holorace*. Calyxree-ie ave( i. petals three, connivent; seed one, three-sided,
R f T\* re ^ s P ec i e8 -
E a town of Essex , 5 miles from Bmntwood, 12
ii h" °f London, and 17 W. S. W. of Chelmsford . Lon. 0.
Urn 5i. 36. N.
gi.„ , ILLA , a town of France , in the department of MontRUvun iate/Lichy of Savoy. Lon. 6. 10. E. Lat. 45. 5t>. N.chews ' n natura * history, is applied to an animal which
®umin° V fu a ® a ' n w hatit has eat before. Peyer, in a treatise “ De^hichrell ** Ruminatione »” shews that there are some animalsand sciiif.. i rum ' nate '■ as oxen, sheep, deer, goats, camels, hares,so, as 11 , s : an .‘i that there are others which only appear to dolatter c |-!° ^ s ’ crickets, bees, beetles, crabs, mullets, &c. Thefibres i,'?’ ? e | serves, have their stomachs composed of muscularreally rimi^ !, l *\f/ O0( * ’ s ground up and down as in those which
footed h-,;"' 1 e ’ , '■ Bay observes, that ruminants are all four-
horns’, y ' a " d viviparousJ ls - others with < pei/n.
BUMP nr • vjj r , u "" s ones.
v© L . IV _ _ SACRIFICES. Moses had ordained, that
some with hollow and perpetual
the rump and fat of the sheep that were offered for a peace-offering‘ should he put upon the fire of the altar. (Lev. iii. 9. vii. 3. viih25. ix. 19.) The rump was esteemed the most delicate part of the.animal.
RUMPHIA, in botany, a genus of the monogyuia order, nr.tltriandria class of plants. Calyx tnfid ; petals three : drupe three-celled, it has but one species, native of the East Indies.
RUMSEY, a town of England, in Hump-hire, 8 miles. IN. N. W. of .Southampton, and 74 W. by S. of London . Lon,1.31. W. Lat. 51. 1. IN.
RUN DUET, oi RUNLET, is a small vessel, containing anuncertain quantity of any liquor, from 3 .to 20 gallons.
RUNG-DEADS, in,a ship, are made a little bending to directthe sweep or mold of the futtocks.and navel-timbers; for here thelines begin which make the compass and bearing of the ship.
RUNGS, in a ship, the same with the floor or ground timbers ;being the timbers which constitute her floor; and are boiled to thekeel, whose ends are rung-heads.
RUNIC , a term applied to the language and letters of the an-cient Goths , Danes, and other northern nations.
RUNN ER, in the sea-language:, a rope belonging to the garnetand the two bolt-tackles. It is reeved in a single block joined tothe end of a pendant: it has at one end a hook to hitch into anything; and, at the .-other, a double block, into which is reeved thefall of the tackle, or the garnet, by which means it purchases morethan the tackle would without it.
RUNNET, or RENNET. See Rennet.
RUNNING OF GOODS, a clandestine landing of goods,without paying the legal customs or duties for the same.
RUPALA, a genus of the tetrandia monogyuia class and order.There is no calyx ; the petals are four; stamina inserted in themiddle of the petals ; pericarpium one-celled, two-seeded.
RUPEE, a silver-coin current in the East Indies, woith about
2s, 6d.
RUPELMONDE, a town of France , in the department of theTwo Nethes, and late province of Austrian Flanders ; 8 milesS. W. of Antwerp, and 24 N. E. of Ghent .
RUPERT, or ROBERT. See Robert.
Rupert’s Drops, a sort of glass-drops with long and slendertails, which burst to pieces on the breaking off those tails in anypart; said to have been invented by prince Rupert, and thereforecalled by his name. Concerning the cause of this surprising phe-nomenon scarcely any thing that bears the least appearance ofprobability has been offered. Their explosion is attended in thedark with a flash of light; and, by being boiled in oil, the drop*are deprived of their explosive quality.
Rupert Bay, or Rupert’s Bay, a safe and capacious bay ofDominica , on the N. W. coast, which affords good shelter forshipping.
Rupert Fort, or Rupert’s Fort, a fort of N. America , onthe E. side of the bottom of Hudson’s Bay. Lon. 80. 0. W. Lat,51.3. N.
RUrPIA, a genus of the tefragynia order, and tetrandria classof plants; natural order, Inundatai. There is neither calyx norcorolla ; but four pedicellaled seeds. There is one species.
RUPTORY, fin surgery and pharmacy, a corrosive medicine ;a caustic.
RUPTURA, in old records, plowed land.
RUPTURE, in surgery. See Hernia, Medicine, andSurgery.
RURAL (ECONOMY. See Husbandry.
RUREMONDE, a town of France , in the department of theRoer , and late province of Austrian Guelderland, 12 miles S,of Venlo, and 70 N. E. of Mechlin. Lon. 5, 50. E. Lat. 51.
8. N.
RUSCUS, Knee-holm, Knee IToi.ly, or Butcher’s Broom;a genus of the svngenesia order, and tlioscia class of plants; naturalorder, Sarmenlacese. Calyx six-leaved; corolla none; nectarycentral, ovate, perforated at the top. There are five species,
RUSMA, a brown and light iron-substance, with half as muchquicklime steeped in water, with which the Turkish women maketheir psilothrbn, to take off their hair.
RUSS, a town of Prussian .Lithuania, capital of a district sonamed, 20 miles N. W, of Tilsit. Lon. 21. 50. E. Lat. 55,20. N. •
G N RUSSELIA,