RYE, in botany. See Secaee.
Rye, in geography, a town in Sussex. Lon. 0. 50. E. Lat.SI. 0. N.
RYEGATE, a borough of England, in Surrey , 16 miles E. ofGuildford, and 21 S. W. of London . Lon. 0*15. W. Lat. 51.16. N.
Ryegrass. See Hordeum, and Husbandry.
RYMER, Thomas , Esq. the author of the Foedera, .was bornin the north of England, and educated at the grammar-school ofNorthallerton. He was admitted a scholar at Cambridge, thenbecame a member of Gray’s Inn, and at length was appointedhistoriographer to King William. He wrote A View of the Tra-gedies of the last Age, and afterwards published a tragedy namedEdgar. As a critic, lie wanted candour ; nor is his judgement tobe relied on, who could condemn Shakespeare . But as an anti-quarian and historian, he has merit. His Foedera, which is a col-lection of all the public transactions, treaties, &c. of the kings ofEngland with foreign princes, is esteemed one of the most authen-tic and valuable records, and is often referred to by the best Eng-lish historians. It was published at London about 1700, in 17vols. folio. Three were added by Sanderson after Rymer ’sdeath. The whole were reprinted at the Hague in 10 vols. in1739. They were abridged by Rapin in French , and insertedin Le Clerc’s Bibliotheque , and a translation made by StephenWhatley, and printed in 4 vols. 8vo. 1731. Rymer died 14thDec. 1713. Some specimens of his poetry are preserved in Ni-chol’s Select Collection, 1780, vol. 1.
RYNCIIOPS, the Skimmer, in ornithology, a genus of theorder Gralke. Bill greatly compressed ; lower mandible consi-derably longer than the upper; nostrils linear and pervious; hack-toe very small ; tail very forked. R. nigra, or the black skimmer,the only species, is twenty inches long and three feet and a half inwidth. It inhabits America and the East Indies, and is almost in-cessantly on the wing.
RYOTS, in the policy of Ilindostan, the modern name bywhich the renters of land are distinguisfied. They hold their pos-sessions by a lease, which may be considered as perpetual, and at arate liked by ancient surveys and valuations.
RYTON, three small towns of England; 1. in Durham,near Newcastle; 2. in Nottinghamshire, near Mansfield ; 3. inShropshire , S. W. of Tongcaslle.
RYVES, Sir Thomas, an English lawyer, born about 1590,and educated at Winchester school, and the university' of Oxford.He became a celebrated civilian in Doctor’s Commons, and theCourt of Admiralty. On the accession of Charles 1 . lie was madeking’s advocate, and knighted. He wrote, l.Tlic Vicar's Plea ;2. Historia. Navalis Antiqua; 3. Historia Navalis Media. Hedied in 1651.
RZECZICA, a town of Lithuania , capital of a territory sonamed ; 125 miles N. of Kiow. Lon. 31. 5. E. Lat. 50. 32. N.
Rzeva , the capital of the above province, is seated on theVolga , near its source. Lon. 35, 40, lL. Lat. 56. 11. N.
s.
S f, or s, is the 18ih letter in our alphabet, and tbe 14th conso-9 nant. The sound is formed by driving the breath through anarrow passage between the palate and the tongue elevated near it,together with a motion of the lower jaw and teeth towards the up-per, the lips being a little way open ; with such a configuration ofevery part of the'mouth and larynx, as renders the voice somewhatsibilous and hissing. Its sound, however, varies : being strong insome words, as this, tints, &c. and soft in words which have a linale > as muse, wise, &c. It is generally doubled at the end of words,"'hereby they become bard and harsh, as in kiss, loss, &c. Insome words it is silent, as isle, island, viscount, &c. As an ab-breviation, S stands for societas or socius; as, R. S. S. for regia;societatis socius, or F. R. S. Eraler regia societatis, i. e. fellow of. le royal society. In medicinal prescriptions, S. signifies semis,• e ‘.*he half of the weight or measure before mentioned, and S. A.>rni ° S seciln< hu» artem, i. e. according to the rules of art : andg h, e notes of the ancients, S stands for Sextus ; SP. for spurious;
C. for senatus consultum ; S. P. Q. R. forsenatus populusque•tn°?? anU8 ’ S- S. for stratum super stratum, i. e. one layer above'Other alternately; S. V. B. E. E. Q. V. for si vales bene est,tiin’ l l uot l ue valeo, a form used in Cicero’s time, in the begin-'brirA- letters. In the Italian music,. S signifies solo: and in\V “■? navigation, S. stands for south; S. E. for south-east; S.s outh° 1 ' s °n l h-west; S. S. E. for south-south-east; S. S. W. forSeven S ° Ulll " West , &c ' As a luunera h S. was anciently used for
a town of Arabia Felix, 140 miles W. N. W. ofSO jq’ atK ^ 100 N. E. of Almacharana. Lon. 44. 55. E. Lat. 17.
namin' 1 or , ^ATEC, a town of Bohemia, capital of a circles’ Saa S - w - of Leitmeritz, and 44 S. of Dresden .
SAB Michake De. See Cervantes.
Vol/iv ~-no iqi ' 1 aucient geography, a town of Arabia Felix,
famous for myrrh, frankincense, ami aromatic plants. It is nowcall Zibet.
Saba, a Dutch island, one of the Caribbce Islands, 13 miles N.W.of St. Eustatia, and 2 W. ofSt. Christopher’s. Lon. 63. 12. W.Lat. 17. 39. N.
Saba, a town of Persia, in Irac Agemi, on the road from Sul-tania to Korn. Lon. 52. 15. E. Lat. 34. 56. N.
SABANDGE, a town of Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia , 60 milesE. S. E. of Constantinople . Lon. 29 . 40. E. Lat. 40. 30. N.
SABAOTH, [Heb.] signifying an army, liolv Lord God ofsabaoth ; that is, Lord of hosts. Common Prayer.
SABA! Z, a town and fort of European Turkey, in Servia , 22miles S. of Peterwaradin, and 28 W. of Belgrade . ’ Lon. 20 . 2 . E.Lat. 45. 5. N.
SABAZIA, in Greek antiquity, were nocturnal mysteries inhonour of Jupiter Sabazius. All the initiated had a golden ser-pent put in at their breasts, arid taken out at the lower part of theirgarments, in memory of Jupiter’s ravishing Proserpine in the formof a serpent.
SABBATARIANS, or SEVENTH DAY BAPTISTS, asect of anabaptists, thus called, because they observed the JewishSabbath, from a persuasion that it was never abrogated in the NewTestament by the institution of any oilier.
SABBATH, [rrn, Htb. i. e. vest,] the seventh day, was so de-nominated, because in it God had rested from his works of crea-tion. From that time the seventh day was set apart for religiousservices ; and, by a particular injunction, was afterwards observedby the Hebrews as a holy day. They were commanded to set itapart for sacred purposes in honour of the creation, and likewise inmemorial of their own redemption from Egyptian bondage. Theimportance of the institution may be gathered from the differentlaws respecting it. When the ten commandments were publishedfrom Mount Sinai in tremendous pomp, the law of the Sabbath6 0 held