SAC
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horse carry well; but it .ought to be used discreetly, and but 1seldom.
SACCAI, a very strong town of Japan , in the isle of Niphon,300 miles S. W. of Jeddo. Lon. 134. 5. E. Lat. 35. 0. N.
SACCAR1FERA ARUNDO, i. e. the sugar-bearing reed,the old name of the sugarcane. See Saccharum.
SACCHARINE ACID. See Chemistry.
SAC.CHAROMETER, Clio name given, by Mr. Richardsonof Hull, to an 'instrument invented by him for ascertaining thevalue of worts, and the strength of.different kinds of malt-liquors.
It signifies a measure’r of sweetness, from Ccocy.rtgov, sugar, and fen-oov,a measure, and is chiefly employed as a measurer of the sweetnessof worts. It is merely an hydrometer contrived to ascertain thespecific gravity of worts, or rather to compare the weight of wortswith that of equal quantities of the water employed in the brewery.
SACCHARUM, Sugar, or the Sugar-Cane ; in botany, agenus of the digynia order, and triandria class of plants ; naturalorder, Gramina. Calyx two-valved, involucred with a long la-nugo ; corolla two-yalved. There are eleven species.
Saccharum Satukni, or Sugar of Lead, a chemical pre-paration of lead, now called acetite of lead, very useful for out-ward applications. See Pharmacy,
SACCOLATES, salts formed from the saclactic acid, and butlittle known. 1. Saccolate of potass, small crystals soluble ineight times their weight of water. 2. Saccolate of soda, the samesoluble in five times their weight of water. 3. Saccolate of am-monia,'has a sourish taste : heat separates the ammonia. Sacco-late of lime, of barytes, of magnesia, and of alumina, are all inso-luble in water. See Saclactic.
•• SACCHOLACTIC ACID, formerly called the acid of sugarof milk, the same with the Saclactic Acid, which see.
SACCULUS, [Lat.] in anatomy, a diminutive of .5 uccus, sig-nifies a little bag, and is applied vo many parts of the body.
• SACCUS, [Lat.] a sack; whence sac, and sacculus, in ana-tomy, for little bags.
SAGER, [Eat.] sacred, or holy, was, in geography, applied bythe superstitious Romans to the names of several places.
SACERDOTAL OFFICE. See Clergy, and Priest .
SACHEM, the chief of a tribe among the American Indians.Dr. Ash defines it “ a ruler; a great prince.” It is chiefly, if notonly, during the war, that the Sachem has any power.
SACHEVERELL , Dr. Henry, a famous clergyman of theTory faction in the reign of queen Anne; who distinguished him-self by indecent and scurrilous sermons and writings against thedissenters and revolution-principles. He owed his consequence,however, to being indiscreetly prosecuted by the house of lordsfor his assize-sermon at Derby, and his sermon on 5th of Nov. atSt. Paul’s, in 1709; in which he asserted the doctrine of non-resistance to government in its utmost extent; and reflected se-verely on the act of toleration. The high and low.clnirch-partieswere then very violent, and Sacheverell ’s trial inflamed the highchurch party to dangerous riots and excesses: he was, however,suspended for three years, and his sermons burned by the com-mon hangman. The Tories being in administration when his sus-pension expired, he was freed with every mark of honour andpublic rejoicing; was ordered to preach before the commons onliytli of May, had the thanks of the house for his discourse, andobtained the valuable rectory of St. Andrew’s Holbom.
SACK, a wine used by our ancestors, which some have takento he Rhenish and some Canary wine. Venner, in his Via Rectaad Vitam Longam, printed in 1628, says, “ that sack, taken by it-self, is very hot and very penetrative-, being taken with sugar, theheat is both somewhat allayed, and the penetrative quality thereofalso retarded.” He adds, that Rhenish, &c. decline after a year,but sack, and the other stronger wines, are best when they are twoor three years old.
Sack op Cotton-wool, a quantity from one hundred and ahalf to four hundred weight.
Sack op Wool , a quantity of wool containing just twenty-two,stones, and every stone fourteen pounds. In Scotland a sack istwenty-four stones, each stone containing sixteen pounds.
Sacks of Earth , in fortification, are canvas-bags filled withearth. They are used in making retrenchments in haste, to placeou parapets, or the head of the breaches, Sec. to repair them, whenbeaten down.
SACKBUT, a musical instrument of the wind-kind, :being asort of trumpet, though different from the common trumpet bothin form and size; it is tit to play a bass,, and is contrived to, bedrawn out or shortened, according to the tone required,, whethergrave or acute. The Italians call it trombone, and the. Latinstuba ductiiis.
■SACLACTIC ACID. This has been called mucous acid, be-cause it is obtained from gum-arabic, and oilier mucilaginous sub-stances. It may be obtained; by the following process: I’d onepart of gum-arabic, or other mucilaginous substance, add two partsof nitric acid-in a retort, add'apply a gentle heat. There.is atfirst disengaged a little nitrous gas and carbonic acid gas, afterwhich the mixture is letcool. There is then precipitated a whitepowder which is slightly acid. This powder is (he saclactic acid.Thus obtained, saclactic acid is a little gritty, and with a weakacid taste. It is readily decomposed by heat, and yields an acidliquor which, when suffered to rest, crystallizes in the’shape ofneedles.
SACRAMENT, is derived from the Latin sacramentum,which signifies an oath, particularly the oath taken by soldiers tobe true to their country and general. The words of it, accordingto Polybius , were, obtemperaturus sum et facturus quicquul mail-*dabitur ab imperatoribus juxta vires. The word was adopted bythe writers of the Latin church, and employed, perhaps with nogreat propriety, to denote those ordinances of religion by whichChristians came under an obligation, equally sacred with that ofan oath, to observe their part of the covenant of grace, and inwhich they have the assurance of Christ that he will fulfil his partof it. Of sacraments, in this sense of the word, Protestantchurches admit of but two; and it is not easy to stmeeive how agreater number can be made out from Scripture, if the definitionof a sacrament be just which is given by the church of England .By that church, the meaning of the word is declared to be “anoutward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace givenunto us, ordained by Christ himself as a means whereby we re-ceive the same, and’ a pledge to assure us thereof.-” Accordingto this definition, baptism and the Lord’s Supper are certainly sa-craments; for each answers the definition in the fullest sense ofthe words. (See Baptism, and Supper of the Lord.) TheRomanists, however, add to this number confirmation, penance,extreme unction, ordination, and marriage, holding in all sevensacraments.
Sacrament, Congregation of the Holy, a religious esta-blishment formed in France , whose founder was Antherius, bishopof Bethlehem, and which, in 1644, received an order from UrbanVIII. to have always a number of ecclesiastics ready to exercisetheir ministry among pagan nations, wherever the pope, or con-gregation defide propaganda, should appoint.
SACRAMEN PARIANS, a general name given to all such ashave published or held erroneous doctrines ot the sacrament ofthe Lord’s Supper. The term is chiefly applied among RomanCatholics, by way of reproach, to the Lutherans, Calvinists , andother Protestants .
. SACRAMENTARY, an ancient Romish church-book , whichcontains all the prayers and ceremonies practised at the celebrationof the sacraments. It was written by pope Gelasius , and after-wards revised, corrected, and abridged, by Gregory.
SACRANI, a people of Italy in Latium, who assisted Turnus against vEneas. They were descended from the Pelasgi.
SACRA VIA, a celebrated street of ancient Rome , where thetreaty was made between Romulus and Tatius . It led from theamphitheatre tq the capitol, through the temple of Peace.
SACRED MAJES TY, is applied to the emperor and to theking of England; yet Loyseau says it is blasphemy. See Ma-jesty.
Sacred Persons. Not only kings, but prelates, and priests,are reckoned sacred persons ; abbots are only blessed.
Sacred Places. 'The ancients held a place struck with.linin'der as sacred. In the civil law, sacred place chiefly denotes thatwhere a person deceased lias been interred. Churches are gene-rally held as sacred places by most sects and parties of Christians .The very walls are held sacred by Roman Catholics ; and even,among many Protestants , churches are consecrated, and th uSmade sacred, so far at least as human prayers can produce holiness.
Sacred 'Things, are things belonging to God and the church.
1 Church-