SAR KG SAR

SARBOURG, SARBRUCK, SAR BURG, or SAARBURG , jj

an ancient town of F ranee, in the department of the Memthe, and ilate province of Lorrain ; seated on the Sane, seven miles and a jhalf N. K. of Luneville. !

Sarbukg, Sareruck, or Saarbrucken , a late territory ofGermany , in the late electorate of Treves, now annexed toFrance .

Sarburg.o- Saarbruck, a town of France in the department ofthe Sane, late capital of the above territory ; 8 miles S. of Treves,anti 13 K. of Luxemburg .

SARCA, a river of Germany and Italy , which rises in the Ty-rolese, runs [last the tow n of Sarca, and tails into the lake oi Gar-da, near Riva.

. SARCASM, in rhetoric, a keen hitter expression, which lias thetrue point of satire, bv which the orator scolls and insults his ene-my: .such was that of the Jews to our Saviour, “ IJe saved others,himself he cannot save,”

SARCOCELE, and xs’et,] in surgery, a spurious rupture,or hernia, wherein the testicle is considerably tumilied or in-durated, like a scirrhus, or much enlarged by a fleshy excrescence,which is frequently attended with acute pains, and sometimes ul-ceration,-so as to degenerate at last into a cancerous disposition.

SARCOCCLLA, a concrete juice brought from Persia andArabia, in small w'hiti-h yellow grains, with a few of a reddish,and sometimes of a deep red colour mixed with them : the whitesttears are preferred, as being the fiv-hest: its taste is bitter, accom-panied with a dull kind of-swei Iness.

SARCOLGGY, that part of anatomy which treats of the softparts, vie. the muscles, intestines, arteries, veins, nerves, and fat.See Anatomy.

SARCOMA , a fleshy excrescence, or lump, grow-

ing in any part of the body, especially the nostrils. See Sur-gery.

SARCOPHAGUS , or I.APIS ASSIUS, in the natural historyof the ancients, a stone much used among the Greeks in their se-pulchres, is recorded to have always perfectly consumed the fleshof human bodies buried in it in forty days.

SARDAM, a sea-port-town of Batavia, in the department of theAmstel, and late province of floliand, five miles N. W. of Am-sterdam .

SARDANAPALUS, the last king, of Assyria , whose characterjs one of the most infamous in history. He is said to have sunkso tar in depravity, that, as far as he could, he changed his verysex and nature. He clothed himself as a woman, and spun amidstcompanies of his concubines. He p..inted his face, and behavedin a more lewd manner Ilian the most lascivious harlot. In short,be buried himself in the most unbounded sensuality. Havinggrown odious to his subjects, a rebellion was formed against himby Arbaces, the Mede, and Belesis, the Babylonian. They wereattended, however, with very bad success at first, being defeatedwith great slaughter in three pitched battles.- With great difficultyBelesis prevailed upon his men to keep the field only five dinslonger; when they were joined by the Bactrians, who had comelo the assistance of Sardanapalus, hut had been prevailed upon torenounce their allegiance -to him. With this reinforcement theytwice defeated the troops of Sardanapalus, who shut himself up inNineveh, the capital of his empire. The city held out for threeyears; at the etui of which, Sardanapalus dreading lo fall into thebands of an enraged enemy, retired into his palace, in a court ofwhich he caused a vast pile of wood to be raised ; and heapingupon it all his gold and silver, and royal apparel, and at the same■time inclosing his eunuchs and concubines in an apartment withinthe pile, he set fire to it, and so destroyed himself and all together.

Sardan’afalvs, another monarch of Assyria , mentioned byClectarchus, who died of old age. Sir Isaac Newton supposesJiim to he the same with E-arhaddon. See Esarhaddon .

SARDINIA, an island of the Mediterranean , bounded by the■strait which divides it trom Corsica on the N. bv the Tuscan sea ,which flows between this island and Italy , on the E. and by otherparts ot the Mediterranean sea on the S. and W. It is about 140Xiiles in length, and 70 in breadth.

SARDIS, or SARDES , bow called Sardo, or Sart, is an an-cient town ot Asia , in Nntoha, about 40 miles E. of Smyrna.

SARDONIAN LAUGHTER, SARDONIUS RISUS, a

convulsive involuntary laughter; thus named from the herba sar-

donin, which is a species of ranunculus, and is said to producesuch convulsive motions in the cheeks, as resemble those motionswhich are observed in the face during a fit of laughter.

SARDONYX, a precious stone consisting of a mixture of tlujchalcedony and carnelian, sometimes in strata, but at other timesblended together. It is found, 1. Striped with white and redstrata, which may he cut in cameo as well as the onyx. 2. Whitewith red denlritical figures, greatly resell,filing the mocha stone;hut with this difference, that the figures in the sardonyx are of ared colour, in the other black. 1 here is no h at difference, ex-cepting in the circumstance of hardness, between the onyx, Car-nahan, chalcedony, sardonyx, and agate, notwithstanding the dif-ferent names bestowed upon them. Mongez informs us, that theyellow, or orange-coloured agates, with a wavy or undulating sur-face, are now commonly called sardonyx. See Carnelian , andOnyx .

SARGANS, a late county of Switzerland, in the canton of Zu-rich , anciently governed by its own counts. It is about 15 milessquare, and being vefy mountainous, breeds and fattens greatnumbers of cattle.

Sargans, a town of the Helvetic republic, capital of the aboveterritory; 42 miles S. of Constance, and 45 E. S. E. of Zurich .

SARGEE, a large and ancient sea-port-town of Africa , in Tie-mesen ; 25 miles from Algiers .

SARGU EM1N-E, a town of France , in the department of theMoselle, am! lale province of Lorrain , 9 miles from Sarbruck, and12 S. W. of Deux Boats.

SARI, in geography, an ancient town of Persia , in the provinceof Mezanderan; 20 miles from I’erabad, seated in a fertile coun-try, abounding with oranges, rice, cotton, silk, sugar-canes, &c.

SAR1MPATAM, a country of Hindostan, lying at the hack ofthe dominions of the Samorin of Malabar, and which was neversubdued by any foreign power.

SARK, in geography, a British island in the English Channel ,near the eoast of Fram e ; about six miles E. of Guernsey , onwhich it is dependent, and W. of Jersey. The climate is healthy,and the land, though study, sufficiently fertile to produce provi-sions for its inhabitants.

Sark, a river of Scotland , which rises in the E. part of Dum-friesshire, and falls into the Solway Moss, a mile from the mouthof (lie Esk.

SARLAT, a town of France, in the department of the Dor-dogne, and late province of i’erigord, 27 miles S. E. of Perigueux .Lon. 1. IP. E. I.at. 44. 53. N.

SAR-LOl’lS, a town of France, in the department of Moselle ,and late province of Lorrain ; 20 miles E. ot ’1 luonville, aud 32'N. E. of Mcntz,

SARMATIA, in ancient geography, an extensive country atthe N. of Europe and Asia , lying partly in the former, and partlyin the latter; comprehending all Poland, Russia , Muscovy, andmost part of Tartary, It was divided into European and Asiatic.

!. Sarmatia, Asiatic , was hounded bv Hyrcania, the Tanais,and the Euxine sea , it contained Great Tartary, Circassia, andthe neighbouring country.

2. Sarmatia, European , was hounded by the Ocean on theN. Tanais on the E. the Jazygte on the S. and the Vistula on theW. it contained the modern countries of Russia, Poland , .Lithu-ania, and Little Tartary. /. anpricre.

SARMATIANS, SARMATH, the ancient inhabitants ofSarmatia.

SAR MENTACEiE, in botany, the name of the eleventh classin Limmis’s Fragments of a Natural Method, consisting ot plaidsthat have climbing stems and branches, which, like the vine, at-tach themselves to the bodies in their neighbourhood, for the pur-poses of support. ...

SARN, a British word for pavement, or stepping stones, stmused in tiie same sense in Berkshire and Hampshire,

SAKNO, a town of Naples, in Principato Gitra, 12 miles N-E'of Salerno , and 20 S. E, ol Naples.

SARONIC'US SINUS, the Saronic Bay, in ancient geogra-phy, a hay of the TEgean Sea, on the S. of Attica, and N. of P tl0pomiesus. _ ,y

SAROS, a (own and trong fort of Upper Hungary, in a coun ]so named, six miles N. W. ot Epfries. t y.

Saros, in chronology, a period of 223 lunar months. The e J