SCH

536

SCH

SCIIESCHMINSK, a town of Russia, in Kazan ; GO milesS. E. of Kazan . Lon. 50. 55. E. Lat. 55. 0. N.

- SCHEUCHZE1UA, Lesser Flowering Rush ; in botany,a genus of the trigynia order, and hexandria class of plants; natu-ral order, Tripetaloidea:. 'Calyx sexpartite ; no corolla, nor arethere any styles; capsule three, inflated, monospermous.

SCHIECHS, or SCHEICFIS, among the Arabs , is a nameapplied to their nobles.

SCHIEDAM, a town of Holland in the department of Delft ,and province of South Holland, 4 miles W. of Rotterdam .

SCHIEFER SPAR, one of the species of carbonate of lime.

It is of a grey colour, passing to red, and even in some specimensto green. It is found massive; texture foliated; it is brittle;feels unctuous; and may be scratched with the nail. Specificgravity 2. 7. It is composed of carbonate of lime, with some silica,and oxide of iron.

SCHILLER-STONE, in mineralogy, a species of the talcgenus, of an olive green : usually disseminated and massive, pro-bably also crystallized. Lustre shining, passing into semi-metallic ;fracture perfectly foliate. Soft, slightly brittle, easily frangible,and not particularly heavy. It is found in Saxony,Cornwall , andScotland .

SCHILTACLI, a town of Suabia, in Wurtemburg , 24 miles S.W. of Stuttgard. Lon 8. 22. E Lat. 48. 15. N.

SCHINUS, in botany, a genus of the dioecia decandria classand order-; natural order, Dumosae. Calyx five parted ; petalsfive, female, berry three-celled. There are two species, viz. S.molle, Peruvian mastich-tree, and S. areira, Brasilian mastich-tree.

SCH IRAS, SCHIRAUZ, or SCH1RAZ, a town of Per-sia, capital of Farsistan . The ruins of the famous Persepolisare 30 miles N. E. of this place. Lon 56. 0. E. Lat. 29.36. N.

SCHIRVAN, a province of Persia , bounded on the N. byDagestan ; E. and S. E. by the Caspian Sea ; S. YV. by Erivan ,and VV. by Georgia. It is about 150 miles long, and 90 broad.The soil is very fertile, producing excellent wheat, rice, and bar-ley. The climate is so mild, that the cattle are kept abroad allthe year.

SCHISM, a term chiefly used of separations hap-

pening from diversity of opinions among people previously of thesame religion and faith. Among ecclesiastical authors, the greatschism of the West is that which happened in the times of Cle-ment VII. and Urban VI. which divided the church for forty orfifty years, and was at length ended by the election of Martin V. at the council of Constance. The Romanists number 34 schismsin their church. They bestow the name English schism on thereformation of religion in this kingdom. Those of the churchof England appiy the term schism to the separation of the non-conformists, viz. the presbyterians, independents, and anabap-tists, Sec.

SCHISTUS, or SHISTUS, in mineralogy, a name given toseveral different kinds of stones, but more especially to some ofthe argillaceous kind ; as, 1. The bluish purple schist us or com-mon slate. This is so soft that it may be slightly scraped with thenail, and is of a very brittle lamellated texture. It is fusible perse in a strong heat, and runs into a black scoria. It consists of 26parts of alumina, 46 silica, 8 magnesia, 4 lime, and 14 oxide ofiron. 2. The pyritaceous schistus is of a grey colour, brown,blue, or black; and capsule of more or less decomposition by-exposure to the air, according to the quantity of pyritous matter itcontains, and the state of the iron in it. The aluminous schistusbelongs to this species. 3 The bituminous schistus is generallyblack, and of a lamellated texture, of various degrees of hardness,not giving fire with steel, but emitting a strong smell when healed,and sometimes without being heated. M. Magellan mentions aspecimen which, burns like coal, with a strong smell of mineral-bi-tumen, but of a yellowish brown, or rather dark ash-colour, foundin Yorkshire .

SCI1LEYDEN, a town in Westphalia , 40 miles N. ofTreves.

SCHLISSELBURG, a town of Russia , in the province ofPetersburgh, on Lake Ladoga ; 32 miles E. of Petersburgh.

SGHMIEDELIA, in botany, a genus of the digynia order,and octandria class of plants. Calyx diphyllous; corolla tetrape-

talous; germina pedicellated, longer than the flower. It has butone species, a tree of the East Indies.

SCH MIT, or ISCHMITII, a city of Asiatic Turkey, 50miles S. W. of Constanstinople. Lon. 29. 30. E. Lat. 40.30. N.

SCHOENOBATES, [from the Greek, vx" IV ©h a rope, andj fiaiyw, I walk,] a name which the Greeks gave to their rope-dan-cers ; by the Romans called funambuli.

j SCHDENUS, Bastard Cytriss, Marsh, or Round Rush:

I in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, arid triandria class of’plants; natural order, Calamaria;. Glumes chaffy, univalve,thickset; no corolla ; seed one, roundish, between the glumes.

SCHOEPFIA, in botany, a genus of the pentandria monogy-nia class and order; natural order, Aggregatse. Calyx double,

! outer bifid, inferior, inner superior, quite entire; corolla bell-! shaped ; stigma capitate ; drupe one-seeded. The only species: is S. Americana, a native of Santa Cruz and Montserrat,i SCHOLASTIC,] something belonging to the

j schools. See School . Scholastic was a long time a title of ho-] nour, at first only given to such as distinguished themselves by! their eloquence in declaiming, See. Scholastic divinity, is thati part or species of divinity which clears and discusses questions byj reason and arguments, in which sense it stands, in some measure,

! opposed to positive divinity, which is founded on the authority ofi fathers, councils, &c. The school divinity is now fallen into thei last contempt, and is scarcely regarded any where, but in some ofi the universities, where they are still by their charters obliged to■ teach it.

SCHOLIAST , or COMMENTATOR, a grammarian, whoi writes scholia, that is, notes, glosses, Sec. upon ancient authors,

| who have written in the learned languages. See the next ar-j tide.

SCHOLIUM, a note , annotation, or remark, occasionally! made on some passage, proposition, or the like. This term isi much used in geometry, and other parts of mathematics, w[iereafter demonstrating a proposition, it is customary to point outhow it might be done some other way, or to give some advice, orprecaution, in order to prevent mistakes, or add some particularuse or application thereof.

SCHOMBERG, Frederic-Armand, Duke of, a distin-guished officer, sprung from an illustrious family in Germany , and: the son of count Schomberg by an English lady, daughter of lordDudley, was born in l6t)8. He served first under Frederic Hen-ry, prince of Orange, and his son William, but in 1650 he passed' into the French service, and obtained the government of Grave-lines and Femes. In 1661 he was sent to Portugal , where he cotn-! manded with such success as to force Spain to make a peace. Onthe revocation of the edict of Nantes, he left France and went toBrandenburg, the elector of which, made him minister of state.He accompanied the prince of Orange to England at the revolu-1 tion, was created a peer, made knight of the garter, and had a1 large sum voted him by parliament. In 1689 he went with Wil-: liam to Ireland , and was shot by mistake as he was crossing theBoyne, by the French refugees of his own regiment.

SCIIONECK, SCIIONECKEN, or SC1IOIN ECK, a (ownof France , in the department of the Sane, and electorate of Treves,26 miles S. of Limburg, and 27 N. of Treves. Lon. G. 26. E.Lat. 50. 12. N.

SCIIONEN, SCANIA, SCONE, or SKONEN, a pro-vince ol Sweden , bounded on the N. by Halland and Snraland ;E. by Bleckingen and the Baltic ; S. by the Baltic, and W. bythe Sound , which separates it from Zealand. It is 65 miles longfrom N. to S. and 48 luoad from E. to W. It is the most fertile; and level spot in all Sweden , and produces all the usual crops.

1 It abounds in pit coal, chalk, alum, su r, and amber. Thenatives carry on a great trade in oak-timber, mill-stone, cordage,honey, fish, horses, sheep, and black cattle.

SCHONGAU, orSCHONGAW, a town of Upper Bavaria ,on the Lech, 8 miles S. of Weilhaim, and 30 from Augsburg .

| SCHOOL, a public place, wherein the languages, the arts, orj sciences, are taught. r l he Latin schnla , according to Du Cange ,

; signifies discipline and correction ; he adds, that it was ancientlyi used, in general, for all places where several persons met together,

; to study, converse, or do any other matter. Accordingly, therej were scholar palatin.e, being the several posts wherein the emperor’s