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.guards were placed ; schola scutariorum, schola gentilium, &c.At length the term passed also to civil magistrates ; and accord-ingly in the code, we meet with schola chartulariorum, scholaageutium, &c. and even to ecclesiastics, as schola cantorum,schola sacerdotum, &c. The Hebrews were very diligent toteach the laws that they had received from Moses . The fatherof the family taught them in his own family. The Rabbins taughtthem in the temple, in the synagogues, and in the academies.They pretend, that even before the deluge there were schoolsfor knowledge and piety, of which the patriarchs had the direc-tion.

Schools, Charity, are those set apart by public contribu-tions, or private donations, for the instruction of poor children,who could not otherwise enjoy the benefits of education. In nocountry are these more numerous than in Great Britain , wherecharity and benevolence arc characteristic, of the nation.

Schools, Sunday, are another species of charity-schools,lately instituted, and now pretty common in Great Britain . Theinstitution is evidently of the first importance ; and if properlyencouraged, must have a very favourable effect on the morals ofthe people, as it tends not only to preserve the children of thepoor from spending Sundays in idleness, and of consequence in dis-sipation and vice, but enables them to lay in for the conduct andcomfort of their future life, a stock of useful knowledge and vir-tuous principles ; which, it neglected in early life, will seldom besought for or obtained amidst the hurry of business, and the caresand temptations of the world. The excellent founder of Sunday-schools was the late Mr. Raikes, a gentleman of Gloucestershire ,who, together with Mr. Stock, a clergyman in the same county,and who, we believe, was equally instrumental in the businesswith Mr. Raikes, shewed the example, and convinced many of theutility of the plan.

SCHOONER , in sea-language, a small vessel with two masts,whose main-sail and fore-sail are suspended from gaffs, reachingfrom the mast towards the stern, and stretched out below bybooms, whose foremost ends are hooked to an iron, which claspsthe mast so as to turn therein as upon an axis, when the after-endsare swung' from one side of the vessel to the other.

SCHOON1IAVEN, or SCHOONIIOVEN, a town of Hol-land, in the department of Delft, and province of South Holland ,10 miles N. E. of Dort, 13 S. W. of Utrecht , and 14 E. ofRotterdam .

SCHORL, in mineralogy, a species of the flint genus, whichis divided by Werner into two sub-specics, viz. the common schorla nd the tourmaline. The common schorl is black. It occurs°ften massive and disseminated, seldom in rolled pieces, and fre-quently crystallized. Tourmaline , called also electricusturmalin,js of a green or brown colour, passing into others even to theindigo blue. The colours are mostly dark. It occurs very seldommassive, oftener in rolled pieces, but. most frequently crystallised.

. " e crystals are generally three-sided prisms; they are usuallyimbedded ; the internal lustre is splendent and vitreous. It iso a td anfl easily frangible. Specific gravity from 3.81 to 3.36.yj. SLHORN DORF, a town of Suabia, in Wurtemberg , 16 u°f Stutgard, and 28 N. N. W. of Uim.

bCLlOTlA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, andj. e candria class of plants ; natural order, Lomentaces. Calyxj v . e ' c 'clt ; petals five, inserted into the calyx, closed by the sidesyi"g over eac |, 01 | ier . legume pedicelled. There is but onejmcies, viz, S. speciosa, lemiM.us-leaved sebotia. It is a native of

e ^ugal and the Cape of Good Hope .

’ LliOU 1'EN’s ISLAND, an island, or a cluster of islands :

^ e i nit 1

e East Indian Oc

25

ear), 120 miles in circumference. Lon. 135.

< 5 ®-- Lat. 0. 46~S^

the H 10lJW,iN ' or SCHOWEN, an island of Holland , mtwe ae i ,att m ei ‘t of the Meuse , and province of Zealand ; be-chere'r, ^' e * s * aiK * li °* Loree and Beeveland, and N. E. of Wal-

g ^HRADERA, in botany, a genus of the hexandria mono-tive or e. a 'i^ 0! ^ er- Calyx a superior rim, quite entire ; corollaTher,.. s ' x ’ c ‘ e f t • stigmas two ; berry one-celled, many-seeded.

' SCH^Axvnm‘ clf s, viz. S. capitata and S. cephalotes.the s,h.i.. , tlG, a town of Germany , in Hohenberg, on■ ’ aC1, 0 mdes N, W. of Rothweil, and 12 S. of Freu-

de

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VOL. IV—NO. 193.

SCLIRATTENTAAL, a town of Austria , 15 miles W. of• Laab, and 33 N. N. W. of Vienna .

SCHREBEEA, in botany, a genus of the digynia order, andpentandria class of plants. Calyx two-lipped ; corolla from fiveto seven cleft; capsule pear-shaped, two-celled, iwo-valved ; seedsfrom eight to ten, membranaceous, w'inged. There is but one spe-cies, viz. S, swietenioides.

SCHROBENHAUSEN, a town of Upper Bavaria , 8 milesS. S. E. of Neubiirg, and 21 N. E. of Augsburg .

SCHUYLKILL, a beautiful river of Pennsylvania , which risesin Luzerne county , N.W. of the Kittatiny mountains, and fallsinto the Delaware , six miles below that city, opposite Mud Island.

SCHWABACH, a town of Franconia , in Anspacb, 10 milesS. S. W. of Nuremberg , and 11 E. of Anspacb.

SCHWALBACH, a town in the Upper Rhine , nine miles N.of Mentz. Lon. 8. 20. E. Lat. 50. 0. N.

SCHWA LBEA, in botany, a genus of the angiospermia order,and didynamia class of plants. Calyx four-cleft, the upper lobevery small; the lowest very large and emarginate. There is butone species, viz. S. Americana.

SCHWARTENBURG, or SCHWARTZBURG, a town andcastle of Upper Saxony, in the landgravate of Thuringia , 20 milesS. E. of Erford, and 35 N. of CuUemhach.

SCHWARTZ, a town of Germany , in Tyrol, 14 miles N. E.of Innspruck. Lon. 11.42. E. Lat. 47.21. N.

SCHWARTZEMBERG, or SCHWAltTZEMBURG, atown in Franconia , and capital of a principality of the same name,

5 miles N. W. of Nuremberg , and 20 E. of Werlzburg. Lon,10. 27. E. Lat. 49. 43. N.

SCHWARTZENBURG, a town of Switzerland , in thecanton of Berne, 10 miles S. E. of Friburg ; and 17 S. S, W. ofBerne.

SCI1WARZENBERG, a county of Franconia , six miles long,and one broad, between Wurzburg and Bamberg.

Schwarzenbeug, the capital of the above county, 16.milesN. of Anspach, and 26 E. S. E of Wurzburg .

SCHWATZ, a town of Germany , in Tyrol, 14 miles E. N. E.of Innspruck, and 54 S. W. of Saltzburg.

SCHWEIDNITZ , a large and populous principality of Silesia.

Schweidnjtz, a strong town, capital of the above principa-lity; 27 miles S. E. of Lignitz, and 26 S. W, of Breslaw. Lon.16. 48. E. Lat. 50. 46. N.

SCHWEINFURT, a town in Franconia , 27 miles N. E. ofWirtzburg, and 22 W. of Bamberg. Lon. 10. 25. E. Lat. 50.4. N

SCHWENKFELDIA, in botany, a genus of the monogyniaorder, and pentandria class of plants. Involucre four leaved ; co-rolla funnel-form ; stigmas five; berry five-celled, many-seeded.There are three species.

SCHWENK1A, ip botany', a genus of the monogynia order,and diandria class of plants. Corolla almost equal, plaited at thethroat, glandtilous; there are three barren stamina; capsule bilo-cular, polvspermous. It has but one species.

SCHWERIN, a principality of Germany , in the late circle ofLower Saxony .

Schweiun, the capital city of the above principality, the usualresidence of the dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , seated on thelake ; 34 miles E. S. E. of Luheck, 35 S. W. of Gustrow , and 40E. N. E. of Lauenberg. Lon. 11.53. E. Lat. 53. 48. N.

SCHWERTE, a town of Germany , in the county of Mark, 34miles F.. N. E. of Dusseklorf, and 38 N.N. E. of Cologn.

SCIiWINBURG, a town of Denmark , on the E. coast of theisle of Funen . Lon. 10. 50. E. Lat. 54. 4. N.

SCH WITZ, SCHWEITZ, orSWITZ, a canton of Switzer-land , the fifth in order. It is bounded on the N. by the cantonof Zurich , and E. by that of Glarps. The country is mountainous,but has fertile valleys, and has been improved to a surprising de-gree by the industry of the inhabitants. The principal trade is incattle. The air is pure and salubrious.

SCHWITZ, orSWITZ, the capital of the above canton, 13miles S. E. of Lucerne, and 26 S. of Zurich . .Lon. 8. 3o. E.Lat. 46. 56. N.

SC1ACCA, a town of Sicily , anciently called Thernne Selinnn-

! tiae, which derives its present namg from the Arabic word Schekh.SCI AINA, in ichthyology, a genua belonging to the order of6 X thoracic!.