SHE
567
SHE
Sharp, in music. See Interval, and Music.
Sharps, in flour, the finer part of what are denominatedpollards.
' SHARPE, Gregory, D. D.F. R. etA. S. S. a learned English divine, born in Yorkshire , in 1713. After acquiring grammar atHull, he came to Westminster, and studied under the celebratedDr. Friend. A piece of juvenile indiscretion made his friendswithdraw him from this seminary, in 1731, and place him underthe care of Principal Blackwell, in Aberdeen; where he also stu-died under Professor William Duff and John Stewart. On his re-turn to England he entered into orders, and after some inferiorpromotions, succeeded Dr. Nicholls, as master of the temple, andwas appointed one of the king’s chaplains. He died unmarried,Jan. 8. 1771. He published several respectable works, and manysermons: and his skill in the oriental languages was exten-sive.
SHARPING-CORN, in English customs, a gift of corn atChristmas to the smith for sharpening the ploughshare.
SHARPSBURG, a town of Maryland , in Washington county,69 miles W. by N. of Baltimore .
SHASTER, or BEDANG, the name of a sacred book, inhigh estimation among the idolaters of Hindustan, containing allthe dogmas of the religion of the bramins, and all the ceremoniesof their worship, and serving as a commentary on the Yeda. Theterm shaster denotes science or system, and is applied to otherWorks of astronomy and philosophy, which have no relation to thereligion of the Indians. None but the bramins and rajahs of In-dia are allowed to read the Veda; the priests of the Banians,called Shuderers, may read the Shaster; and the people, in gene-ral, are allowed to read only the Parana, or Pouran, which is acommentary on the Shaster. The Shaster is divided into threeParts; the first containing the moral law ofthe Indians; the second,fhe rites and ceremonies of their religion ; and the third, the dis-tribution of the people into tribes or classes, with the duties per-taining to each class.
SIlAW, Thomas, D. D. and F. R. S. a learned English divine,celebrated for his Travels to Sarbary and the Levant, was born atKendal, in Westmoreland, about 1692. He was educated, first*t Kendal, afterwards at Queen’s College, Oxford , where he gra-dated. He was appointed chaplain to the English consul at~*'giers, in which station he continued for several years; andthence took opportunities of travelling into different parts. He re-turned in 1733, was elected F. R. S. and published the accout of'! travels at Oxford , folio, 1738. In 1740 he was nominatedPrincipal of St. Edmund-hall , which was raised from a ruinoustate by his munificence; and was regius professor of Greek atMxford until his death, in 1751. Dr. Clayton, bishop of Ciog-j? r * having attacked these Travels in his Description of the5j a ?t. Dr. Shaw published a supplement by way of vindication,llc h is incorporated in the second edition of his Travels, pre-anf ' published in 4to. 1757.
ofiAWlA, in botany, a genus of the syngenesia polygamia se-(I^Sida class and order. Calyx imbricate, with five or six scales,i s ree interior longer; corolla five-cleft; seed one, oblong. There°nly one species, S. paniculata, a native of New Zealand .
"FADING, a riding, tything, or division, in the Isle ofune" V l ^' e w ' 10 ' e Mand being divided into six sheadings ; in everylive ° w * 1K -h is a coroner or chief constable, appointed by the de-cR a road at the annual convention.
in sheep-farming is used by breeders, synonymouslyh a ., ^. ear > to express the age of sheep by the number of times theySHf“" shorn.
°ld DARLING, in sheep-farming, a young ram, about a yearMlp U \'r rea ' J y f° r shearing. See Sheep .ship w f- , DING, in the sea-language, is the casing that part of afirst la '■ ' s , to * ,e under water with fir-board of an inch thick ;dailinVn 11 ^ ' 1;U1 anc ' tal m ' xe d together under tire boards, and (henbottom 'c ° n ’ ' n olx ' ei ’ t° prevent worms from eating the ship’sbut c ’ ohips of war are now generally sheathed with copper:Water PP® r-s *'eathing is liable to be corroded by the action of salt-8H’p-jomethii>g i s still wanting to effect this purpose.sai| 3 . a ship, are ropes bent to the clews of the
but in "to Vll 'v’ l ' 1c * ower sails to haul after the clews of the sail;
Ale J’ard-T >aUS scrve t0 ' la ul home the clew of the sail close to
SHEAVE, in mechanics, a solid cylindrical wheel, fixed in achannel, and moveable about an axis, as being used to raise or ip'*,crease the mechanical powers applied to remove any body'.
SHEBA, or SEBA, a country of Arabia Felix or Abyssinia,which, in the reign of Solomon, king of Israel, was governed by aqueen, named Makeda or Balkis ; who, hearing of that monarch’sfame for wisdom and riches, waited on him personally, accompa-nied by a numerous train of attendants, and bringing a vast quan-tity of costly presents, as recorded in the tenth chapter of 1 Kings .
SHECHEM, SCHECHEM, or SICHEM, acity of Canaan ,the capital of the Shechemites, built by Hamor, and named afterhis son. It stood upon mount Ephraim , about 10 miles N. ofShiloh, and 30 or 35 N. of Jerusalem , and belonged to the tribeof Ephraim . It was one of the cities of refuge, and is memorablefor being the place where Joshua assembled the tribes, and gavethem his last solemn advice, a short time before his death. (Josh,xxiv. 1—28.)
Sheep Island, an island near the coast of South Wales, E. ofMilford Haven. Lon. 5. 9. W. Lat. 51.38. N.
SHEEPWASH, a town of England, in Devonshire; 12 milesS. of Biddeford, and 205 W. by S. of London . Lon. 4. 11. W.Lat. 50. 57. N.
SHEERING, in the sea-language. When a ship is riot steeredsteadily, they say she sheers, or goes sheering; or when, at an-chor, she goes in and out by means of the current of the tide, theyalso say she sheers.
SHEERNESS, a fort of England, in Kent , on the N. point ofShepey island, where the Medway falls into the Thames . Lon. 0.48. E.^Lat. 51. 25. N.
SHEERS, a name given to an engine used to hoist or displacethe lower masts of a ship. The sheers employed for this purposein the royal navy are composed of several long masts, whose heelsrest upon the side of the hulk, and having their heads defcliningoutward from the perpendicular, so as to hang over the vesselwhose masts are to be fixed or displaced.
SHEESHY MOUNTAINS, mountains of Ireland , in the ba-rony of Carberry, county of Cork, and province of Munster .
SHEET, in sea-language, a rope fastened to one or both thelower corners of a sail, to extend and retain it in a particularstation.
Sheet-Anchor. See Anchor.
SHEEVA, or SIVA, in Indian mythology, one of the threechief deities of the Hindoos.
SHEFFIELD, John, duke of Buckingham, an eminent writerof the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, of great personal bra-very, and an able minister of state, was born about 1650. He losthis father at nine years of ,age; and his mother marrying lord Os-sulston, the care of his education was left to a governor, who neg-lected it. Finding himself deficient in many parts of literature,lie resolved to devote a certain number of hours every day to hisstudies; and thereby improved himself to a high degree of learn-ing. He entered a volunteer in the second Dutch war; and wasin that famous naval engagement where the duke of York com-manded as admiral: on which occasion he behaved so gallantly,that he was appointed commander of the Royal Catherine. Heafterwards made a campaign in the French service under M. deTqrenne. As Tangier was in danger of being taken by the Moors,he offered to head the forces which were then sent to defend it ;and accordingly was appointed to command them. He was thenearl of Mulgrave, and one of the lords of the bed-chamber to kingCharles II . The Moors retired on the approach of the king’sforces; and the result was the blowing up of Tangier . He wasinstrumental in the change of the ministry in 1710. A circum-stance that reflects the highest honour on him is, the vigour withwhich he acted in favour of the unhappy Catalans , who afterwardswere so inhumanly sacrificed. He died in 1721. He was ad-mired by the poets of his age; by Dryden, Prior, and Garth.His Essay on Poetry was applauded by Addison, and his Rehearsalis still universally admired, as a piece ot true and original satire.His writings were splendidly printed in 1723, in 2 vols. 4to; andhave since been reprinted in 1729, in 2 vols. Svo. The first con-tains his poems on various subjects; the second, his prose-works;which consist of historical memoirs, speeches in parliament, cha-racters, dialogues, critical observations, essays, and letters. The
edition