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estimated from the excess of the exports beyond the imports, anda comparatively small amount of the latter has been always con-sidered highly desirable. This is a concise mode of determininga very important point; but it is certainly very erroneous; for,in this view, the whole of the imports are considered as if theywere paid for; whereas in fact, a very large part of the importsnever require to be paid for at all, and instead of tending to drawmoney out of the country, ought to be considered as an annualaccession of wealth. This particularly refers to the imports fromIndia , as far as they are purchased by the territorial revenues ofthat country, or by the private capitals of individuals acquiredthere ; to such proportion of the imports from the West Indies asare remittances from the income of individuals residing hete; andto the profits arising from fisheries carried on in different parts ofthe world by subjects of this country ordinarily residing here. Be-sides the evi'dent impossibility of making this distinction in the ac-count of imports, the custom-house statements, both of the importsand exports, are totally inadequate to shew even their compara-tive amounts, as almost every article of merchandize is there ratedat a value entirely different front its present actual value ; but evenif these accounts of the exports and imports were far better adaptedto shew on which side the balance really lies than they are, it willbe easily proved that all the statements founded on them, in whichthe annual gain of the country from trade is exhibited by the excessof exports, must be inaccurate. Suppose the merchants of thiscountry to purchase, for exportation, on their own account, British manufactures to the amount of 20,000,000/.; the net proceedsthereof in the countries to which they are exported, after payingall charges, cannot be considered as less than 22,000,000/.; anilthis sum being invested in foreign produce, and imported into thiscountry, will amount, after repaying the duties and all expenses,to at least 24,200,000/. returning the merchants the capital they hadoriginally advanced, with a profit of 21 per cent. Here is an evi-dent gain to the country of 4,200,000/. ; because the goods broughtinto it exceed in value those which were sent out by this sum.Will those who discover the commercial profits of the country ina small amount of imports, pretend that the advantage of the mer-chants, or of the state, would have been greater, if the imports re-ceived in return for the twenty millions sent out had been only ofsixteen millions value ? The following is the official value of ourexports of Britisli and foreign manufactures during the years 1809and 1810; 1809 >810

British produce and manufactures... .£26,091,962 I ^g35,107,439Foreign and colonial merchandize.. 35 7,862,305) 15,194,324

Total value of British exports.34,554,267 | 50,301,763

TRADESCANTIA , Virginias Spider-wort; in botany,a genus of plants, in the class hexandria, and in the order mo-nogynia; natural order Ensatae, Calyx three-leaved ; petals three;filaments with jointed hairs ; capsule three-celled. It lias nineteenspecies.

TRADE-WINDS , certain regular winds at sea, blowing eitherConstantly the same way, or alternately this way and that; thuscalled from their use in navigation, and the Indian commerce.

TRADITION, among ecclesiastical writers, denotes certain re-gulations regarding the rites, ceremonies, See. of religion, whichwe suppose to have been handed down from the days of the apos-tles, to the present time.

TRAGACANTII. See Astragalus.

TRAGACANTH,GuM,or, as some call it.GuM-ADRAGANT, orGuM-Dragon, is the produce of the above and some other shrubs. Thegum is brought to us ill long and slender pieces, of a flatted figuremore or less, and these not straight, or rarely so: but commonlytwisted and contorted various ways, so as to resemble worms.

TRAGEDY, a dramatic poem, representing some signal ac-tion performed by illustrious persons, and whicTi has frequently afatal issue, or end. See Drama, and Comedy.

TRAGI-COMEDY, a dramatic piece of the nature both of tra-gedy and comedy, the event whereof is not bloody or unhappy,and wherein is admitted a mixture of less serious characters.

TRAG1A, in botany, a genus of the moncecia triandria classand order; natural order, 1 ricoccx. Male, calyx three parted ;corolla none; female, calyx five-parted ; corolla none; style trifid ;capsule tricoccous, three-celled ; seeds solitary. There are eightspecies, Datives of the East and West Indies ,

TRAGOPOGON, Goat’s Beard; in botany, a genus ofplants of the class syngenesia, and order polygamia sequalis; na-tural order, Composite . Receptacle naked; calyx simple; pap-pus plumose. There are 14 species.

TRAJAN, Marcus Ulpius, a celebrated Roman emperor ,who gained many victories over the Parthians and Germans , push-ing Hie empiie to its utmost extent on the east and north sides.He died at Selinunte, a city of Cilicia , which from him was calledTrasanopoiis.

TRAJANOPOLI, a town of European Turkey, in Romania ;40 miles S. W. of Adrianople . Lon. 27. 18. E. Lat. 41. 15. N.

TRAJECTORY, a term often used, generally for the path ofany body, moving either in a void, or in a medium that resists itsmotion ; or even for any curve passing through a given number ofpoints. It is particularly used for the orbits of the comets.

TRAIN, the attendance of a great person, or the trail of agown, or robe of state. In falconry, the tail of a hawk.

Train is likewise used for the number of beats which a watchmakes in an hour, or any other certain time.

Train is also used for a line of gunpowder, laid to give fire toa quantity thereof, in order to do execution by blowing up earth,works, buildings, &c.

Train, or Tuaile of Artillery, the great guns, and otherpieces of ordnance, belonging to an army in the field. See Cannon.

Train-Oil, the oil procured from the blubber of a whale byboiling. See Oil.

Train Bands, or Trained Bands, a name given to the mili-tia of England.

TRAINING, or TRACING, in mineralogy, a term used bythe miners, to express the tracing up the mineral appearances onthe surface of the earth to their head, or original place, aud therefinding a mine of the metal they contain.

TRAINA, a town of Sicily , in the valley of Demona ; 50miles S. E. of Cefalu , and 70 S. W. of Messina. Lon. 14. 30. E.Lat. 37. 46. N.

TRALEE, a town of Ireland, in Kerry county ; 45 milesN. W. of Cork, and 50 S. W. of Limerick . Lon. 9. 35. W.Lat. 52. 16. N.

Tralee Bay, a spacious bay of Ireland , on the coast of Kerry,nine miles long, and six broad.

TRALLEBORG, a sea-port-town of Sweden , in Skone, 19miles S. of Lund. Lon. 13. 5. E. Lat. 55. 20. N.

TR A-LOS-MONTES, a province of Portugal , called in LatinTransmontana, because situated on the E. side of a chain ofhills that separate it from Entre Duero-e-Minho. It is boundedon the N. by Galicia ; on the S. by Beiraand Leon ; by the lastof which it is bounded also on the E. Its length from N. to S. isupwards of 120 miles, and its breadth about 80. It is full ofmountains, and produces little corn, but plenty of vines, fruits ofseveral sorts, and abundance of game.

TIIAMEL, an instrument, or device, sometimes of leather,more usually of rope, fitted to a horse’s legs, to regulate his motion.

TRAMMELS, in mechanics, an instrument used by artificersfor drawing ovals upon boards, &c. One part of it consists of across with two grooves at right angles; the other is a beam carry-ing two pins, which slide in those grooves, and also the describingpencil.

TRANCHIN, a city of Upper Hungary, the capita) of acounty so named ; 50 miles N. E. of Presburg . Lon. 17. 50. E<Lat. 49. 56. N.

TRAN CON, an ancient town of Portugal , in the province ofTra-los-montes; 14 miles from Pinhel. Lon. 7.6. E. Lat. 40.44. N.

TRAN I, a town of Naples, 20 miles W. of Bari, and 125N. E. of Naples. Lon. 16.36. E. Lat. 41. 18. N.

TRANQUEBAR, a sea-port-town of Hindoostan, on the coastof Coromandel; 165 miles S. of Madras. Lon. 79. 57. E. Lab10. 14 N.

TRANS, [Lat.] a Latin preposition, signifying beyond or on'the farther side; makes part of many English words, conveyingsome idea of that kind, either local, or metaphorical. It alsomade part of the ancient names of many countries, distant fro* 11Rome, and opposed Cis. on this side; as Transalpine, beyond th eAlps; Transpadaiie, beyond the Po, &c. ,

TRANSACTIONS, a name generally given to a collection ot

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