Part II. five Kinds of Columns.

the Market of Nerya $ which last, is within one Third of a Minuteof what I give it: Sometimes it is greater, having even a Fifth orSixth, as in the Temple of Vesta at Pome, and that of the Sibyl atTiyoli.

Nor is there less Difference in the Character, Vitruylm cuts theLeaves in Manner of the Acanthus, as they are in the Temple ofthe Sibyl at Tiyoli: In the Antique, they are for the most part madeas Olive-leaves rased into five: some divide them only into four,as in the Temple of Mars the Peyenger-, others into three, as in theTemple of Vesta at pome. The Moderns , who make them like theAcanthus, are Serlio, Darbaro, and Cataneo. These Leaves, in theAntique , are sometimes unequal in their Height, the undermost be-ing tallest, as in the Portico, and within the Pantheon , in the Tem-ple of Vesta at Pome, that of the Sibyl at Tiyoli, and that of Faustina ,in the Market of Nerya, in the Arch of Const ant ine, in the Coliseum ,and the Baths of Diocletian : Sometimes the second Range are high-est, as in the Basilic of Antoninus and sometimes, also, they areequal, as I make them, as in the three Columns of Campo Vaccino ,in the Temple of Jupiter Fulminans, and Mars Ultor , in the Frontis-piece of Nero , and in the Porch of Septimius. The Ribs, in theMiddle of the Leaves, are very often rafled on both Sides, as inthe Pantheon, in the Temples of Jupiter Fulminans , and Mars thepeyenger, in the Frontispiece of Nero, in the Basilic of Antoninus ,the Porch of Septimius , and the Baths of Diocletian: Sometimesthey are not cut at all, as in the Temple of Vesta at Pome, of theSibyl at Tiyoli, in the three Columns of Campo Vaccino , in the Mar-ket of Nerya, and in the Arch of Constantine. The first Row ofLeaves, commonly belly out, towards the Bottom, but more insome Buildings than others ; this Swelling is very remarkable inthe Temple of Vesta at Pome. In the Capital of a Pilaster, whichremains of the Frontispiece of Nero, and another in the Baths ofDiocletian, there are more Leaves than are usually made in Pilasters;for, whereas on each Face of the Pilaster, there are commonly buttwo Leaves in the first Row, and three in the second, these havethree in the first Row, and sour in the second ; and, moreover, int hat of the Frontispiece of Nero , there is another Leaf rises betweenthe Stalks and the middle Volutes, instead of the little Flower.This Leaf is likewise in the Capital of the Temple of Vesta atPome.

The Abacus is sharp at the Corners, in the Temple of Vestaat Pome, which seems agreeable to Vitruyius, who mentions no-thing of cutting off the Corners of the Corinthian Abacus, and speaksof them, as no more than four in Number, which would be eight,were the Corners cut off The Rose, which is in the Middle of

the