TABLE OF CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

PAGE

General configuration of the Alps.—Signs of pressure and elevation.—Effects of denudation; water, frost, and ice.—Example of the Col de laLauze.—Beds and plains of gravel and detritus.—Cause of elevation ofmountains.—Scenery affected by the nature of rocks.—Rocks divided intoCrystallines and Coherents.—Compact crystallines.—Slaty crystallines.—Cleavage and foliation.—Compact and slaty coherents.—Effects of weatherupon these rocks.—Scenery of compact crystallines ; their distribution, andthat of slaty crystallines.—Distribution of compact and slaty coherents.—Mountain forms.—Effects of w’eather on cleavage, stratification, and joints.

—Formation of precipices.—Gneiss and Dolomite.—Pyramidal peaks.—Forms of summits.—Sketch of the Alpine Districts.—Cottian Alps.—High

Alps of Dauphine.—Savoy Alps.—Graian Alps.—Pennine Range Oberland.

—Lepontine Alps.—Rhsetian Alps.—Lombard Alps.—Noric Alps.—Italian Tyrol.—Camic and Julian Alps .. 1

CHAPTER II.

Formation of valleys.—Cracks.—Gorges of erosion.—Gorge of the Trient.Cirques.—Valleys of outcrop.—Valleys of depression.—The Alpine Lakes.—

Lac de Bourget.—Lac d’Annecy.—Lac Leman.—The Lowland Lakes.—Lake of Zurich.—Lake of Constance.—Lakes of Thun, Brienz, Lucerne ,and Wallenstadt—Lakes of the Eastern Alps. —The Italian Lakes, Orta,Maggiore, Lugano , Como, Iseo, and Garda.—Alpine Waterfalls . . 30

CHAPTER III.

Glaciers.—Expedition on the Gomer Glacier.—Terminal ice-cave.—Moraine—Crevasses; cause of their formation.—Surface of a glacier.—

Glacier tables.—Channels Moulins.—Veined structure in glacier ice.—

Halt at Auf der Platte.—Ascent towards the Lys-joch.—Seracs.—Formation