The Grecian Orders

ceeded them, did not imagine that it would want any additional projecture for the sake of greatersolidity ? that the simplicity of its character could not admit of a base ? for as the statue of aHercules, or of a wrestler would appear out of character if their feet were dressed up in (c) san-dals or shoes, so would the column to which they had annexed these ideas.

The number of flutings {d) to the Doric column should never be mote or less than twenty.Sometimes it was left with the sides flat and XX angles. The curvature of each fluting is de-scribed from the center of a geometrical square, X whose sides are equal to one of the flat sides.Others have traced the curvature from the summit of an equilateral triangle Z. whose base isone of the flat sides. The entablature and capital may be traced by scales of equal parts, e.g.

For the capital divide its entire height into two equal parts; take the uppermost for the abacus.Again divide c. d. into three equal parts; two of these are for the ovolo, and the remaining oneis divided into three for the fillets : for the fourth fillet belongs to the shaft of the column; theprojecture of the abacus is three parts of its height; that of the ovolo is equal to its own height*and the fillets are profiled, as is seen by the figurei

For the entablature, divide the height into seven equal parts, and each of these again into three jtake seven of these subdivisions for the height of the architrave, and eight of the same for theheight of the frize, the six remaining will stand for the height of the cornice, which being di-vided into twelve, will assign to each member its relative number of parts, as may be seen by thefigure. _

The cornice projects once and a half of its height, then divide this projecture into nine equalparts, and the profiles are determined and described, as the figure readily fheweth ; but the mo-dulary scale is added, and the different measures of the members may be taken by it.

The capital Ch consists of a plain abacus, an ovolo under it, with (<?) three annulets, for thefourth belongs to the th aft or fust of the column. With very little alteration, the text in Vi->truvius agrees with this division.

The entablature described between G. and A. by beginning at bottom, consists I. Of the Ar-chitrave of only one fascia, with the Tænia, fillet, and six drops. These drops are differentfrom those hitherto used: the simplicity and height of the architrave gives it a superior degreeof strength to all others, commonly described.

II. The frize, consisting of the (f) triglyphs and (g) metopes ; the height of the triglyph isone module and four parts, and its breadth one module. The breadth of the metope between

(t) Basi spiram supposuerunt pro calceo, Lib. IV. c. l.

(d) Columnas (Doricas) autem flriari XX striis oportet quæ si plane erunt angulos habeant XX designatos: sin autem ex-cavabuntur, sic est forma facienda ; ita uti quam magnum est intervallum striae, tarn magnis striaturæ paribus lateribus quadra-tUm defcribatur : in medio autem quadrato circini centrum collocetur; & agatur linea rotundationis, angulos tangat, & quan-tum erit curvaturæ inter rotundationem & quadratum descriptionem, tantiim ad formam excaventur. Lib. IV. c. 3.

(<?) Craffitudo capituli dividatur in tres partes, e quibus, una plinthus fiat.—Altera echinus, tertia cum annulis. Lib.

IV. c. 3.

(/) Turn projecturas tignorum quantum eminebant, ad lineam et perpendiculum parietum præsecuetfunt: quæ species cuminvenusta iis visa esset, tabellas ita formatas, uti nunc stunt triglyphi, contra tignorum præcisiones in fronte fixerunt, & eas ceracœrulea depinxerunt, ut præcisiones tignorum tectæ non offenderent visum. Ita divisiones tignorum tectæ trig'yphorum disposi-tione, intertignium & opam in Doricis operibus cæperunt. Lib. IV. c. 2 .

(g) Ita quod inter duas opas est intertignium, id metopa apud eos (Græeos) est ncminatum. Lib, IV. c. 2.

two