DYEING AND CALICO PRINTING.

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Brauna-wood ( Melanoxylon brauna) is furnished by a tree growing in theprovince of Minas Geraes, in Brazil. Its use was patented in 1857, and it wassaid to have a strong affinity for cotton “ with or without mordants,” and toproduce browns, drabs, slates, salmons, buffs, fawns, and blacks morepermanent than those obtained by other means.

Butter-nut Bark, the bark of jfuglans alba, a kind of walnut, growing inthe north-eastern states of the American Union. It is said to yield fast blackswith iron mordants, and deep browns with preparations of alumina.

Cadtin, a red colouring matter obtained from the flowers of many speciesof cadtus, especially C. speciosus. It has been examined by Vogel andWittstein, and is theoretically interesting on account of its relations tocochineal. It has been suggested that the cochineal insedt does not adtuallygenerate the colouring matter which it contains, but merely extradls and con-centrates principles pre-existent in the juices of the plant upon which it feeds,and which is also developed, without its aid, in the flowers. So far, this viewdoes not seem borne out by experiment. A considerable quantity of acarmine-red colouring matter can be extradted from the cadtus flowers bytreatment with weak alcohol. It is soluble in water. From the portion leftundissolved by the dilute alcohol, a further amount of a scarlet colour isobtained by treatment with a mixture of alcohol and ether. Neither of thesecolours is in use, and a further examination of their properties is needed.The fruit of the C. cochenilifer contains also a coloured juice, which imparts adeep red tinge to the urine of animals fed upon it.

Canadian Yellow-root.—The root of Hydrastis Canadensis affords a yellowdye—hydrastin, which is turned red by sulphuric acid and chromate of potash.

Carapa-root.—The root of a plant found in Guayana. Its bark containsone yellow and two red colouring principles. (See “Journal de Pharmacie,”xxxv., p. 189.

Chestnut.—The whole tree, especially the nuts and the sap, containsastringent matter, which was patented by C. L. Girourd as a substitute forgall-nuts, under the horrible name of “ damajavag.” The extradt of chestnutis still occasionally used on the Continent for adulterating the extradts oflogwood and other dye-woods.

Chicory.—The leaves of this plant are used, according to D. Metcalfspatent, as a substitute for woad in the indigo-vat. Like the leaves ofrhubarb when applied to the same purpose, they probably serve merely topromote fermentation.

Chrysoretin.—A yellow, resinous matter, obtained from senna leaves.

Coccedia viridis.—This plant yields, according to Salm Horstmar, a greendye, distindt from chlorophyll. (“ Pogg. Ann.,” xciv., p. 466, and cxv., p. 176).

Cocoa-nut Tree.—In a patent, obtained by Mr. J. H. Baker (No. 5139,March 2g, 1825), the whole or every part of this tree is claimed as a dye-ware, especially the husk enclosing the fruit, and the foot-stalks of the leaves.The dye was to be extradted by water, cold or boiling, or by solutions of lime,potash, ammonia, &c., and was to serve for dyeing nankeens, blue-blacks, &c.The infusion was likewise to serve as a substitute for nut-galls in Turkey-reddyeing. The material does not appear ever to have come into pradtical use.

Cork.—According to T. Bury’s patent (Feb. 18, 1823), the bark of thecork-tree may be used in dyeing nankeens upon cotton, along with the