566

DYEING AND CALICO PRINTING.

X. Bronzes.

This style, formerly much admired, but now falling into disuse, has for itsmain feature a ground colour of peroxide of manganese, upon which suitabledischarges, pigments, &c., were printed on. The manganese-brown was thusremoved or replaced, the result being a white, yellow, green, pink, &c., patternon a deep brown ground.

XI. Pigment-Colours.

In this style colours ready-formed and insoluble, such as those used byartists, are fastened upon the fibre by the aid of mediums,—which mightrather be called cements than mordants,—such as albumen, the fixation beingcompleted by steaming.

First Style.—Madder.

The madder styles have for a long time played the most important part incalico-printing. A leading charadteristic of these styles is that the mixturesprinted on to the calico—the “ colours,” technically so-called—are not colours,but mordants, capable of combining both with the tissue and the colouringmatter, and modifying as well as fixing the latter. The most important mor-dants in the madder style are the acetates or pyrolignites of alumina and iron.

No. i. Red Liquor. —See p. 277.

No. 2. Black Liquor, or Iron Liquor. —See p. 291.

No. 3. Purple Fixing Liquor .—■

Water. yi gals.

Acetic acid. ij ,,

Sal-ammoniac. 9 lbs.

Arsenious acid. g ,,

Boil till the arsenic is dissolved, and let the solution stand till any turbidityis deposited. Decant off the clear.

No. 4. Purple Assistant Liquor (Mercer and Barnes’s Patent).—

Potato starch.100 lbs.

Water.37J gals.

Nitric acid, at 6o° Tw.123 ,,

Manganese, black oxide . 4 ozs.

When the readtion is pver and the nitric acid destroyed add—

Pyroligneous acid.50 lbs.

No. 5. Purple Fixing Liquor .—

Water. 2 gals.

Carbonate of soda (crystals) .25 lbs.

Arsenious acid.22i „

Dissolve at a boiling heat, and add—

Crude acetic acid (pyroligneous), at 120° F. 50 gals.

Allow the whole to stand for a few days ; draw off the clear liquid, andadd—

Spirits of salt, at 32° Tw.

3 quarts.