32
[Class I.
Messrs. Rosenberg and Co., of Giessen (Hesse*) (2, |p. 1125). Oxide of manganese, in very fine crystals; a ,very pure ore.
Messrs. W. Briel and Co., Giessen (4, p. 1125). Si-milar ores in crystals, less perfect.
Coal, Coke , Lignite , and Bitumen.
The details given at the commencement of this part ofthe Report have established the importance of the coalbasins and beds of lignite, and we have only here to addthat the deposits of the latter fuel belong exclusively tothe tertiary period.
Among the small number of persons who have exhibitedproducts of this kind, the Jury have made OrdinaryMention of the following three:—
Mr. H. A. Stinnes, of Miihlheim on the Ruhr (448,p. 1075). Coal and coke of great purity, from the mineof St. Victoire Mathias.
Mr. F. IIaniel, of Ruhrort on the Ruhr (455, p.1076). Coal of different qualities from the mines ofHeinrich, Steingalt, Ilagenback, Siilzer, and Neuack.Coke manufactured from the coals of the three lastmines.
Messrs. A. Wiesman and Co., of Augustenlnitte, nearBonn (334, p. 1070). Bitumen, mineral oil, dussodyle,and various products obtained from the distillation ofbitumen.
' Amber.
Amber is found associated with certain lignites, and istolerably abundant, but transparent specimens of finecolour are rare, Prussia being almost the only country ;by which they are furnished for commercial purposes.They are collected chiefly in the environs of Konigsberg and Memel, on the shores of the Baltic, and according tothe rules established by the Jury, they ought not, per-haps, to grant rewards for this material. Considering, ;however, that a certain degree of intelligence is requiredin collecting it, and selecting the pieces proper for cut-ting, Honourable Mention has been granted to Nos. 40,438, and 441.
D. F. Tessler, of Stolp (40, p. 1050). Two very finespecimens of rough amber; and a third specimen contain-ing insects.
W. Manniieimer, of Konigsberg (438, p. 1075). Two ;specimens of amber, weighing respectively 6 lbs. and44 lbs., remarkable for their large size and puritv.
W. Von Roy,* of Dantzig (441, p. 1075). A* fine col- 1lection of ambers, differing in colour, brilliancy, and trans-parency. The exhibitor has been 25 years making hiscollection, and the rough specimens are accompanied bymanufactured articles, several of which are of greatvalue. ’
"Working of Salt Mines and Purification of Salt .
In most of the states dependent on the Zollverein , saltis obtained from the evaporation of saline springs. Thetrade is not open, the salt-works being conducted by theGovernment. The Jury have granted the followingOrdinary Mentions:—
Royal Prussian Salt-works of Dunzberg (445, p.1075). The collection sent by this establishment consistof impure and prepared salt, of various degrees offineness.
Salt-works of Salshausen, in the Grand Duchy ofHesse (3, p. 1125). Common salt, purified salt, ligniteand bituminous wood employed in the evaporation of thebrine; various products of the salt-works.
Salt-works of Theodorsiialle and Kreuznach(Hesse 5, pp. 1125, 1126). Salt in grains; crystallizedsalt, remarkable for the size of the crystals. Concen-trated mother-liquor, containing iodine, bromine, andchloride of calcium.
Millstones, Marbles , and Refractory Clays.
S. Landau, of Andernach (321, p. 1069). Lavas pos-sess the property of millstones up to a certain point,
* This Exhibitor has been awarded an Honourable Men-tion by the Jury of Class XXIX., in whose List his nameappears.—I. W.
being vesicular and hard, and their application in thisway may be productive of very good results.
The Jury, guided by this consideration, have granteda Prize Medal to Mr. Landau, who has exhibited excel-lent lava millstones from Niedermendig, near Andernach .These stones, of which the dimensions vary from 18inches to 6 feet in diameter, may be employed for grind-ing corn, preparing oil, and lor all agricultural pur-poses.
F. Zeller, of Neckar-Tenzlingen, near Stuttgard ,Wurtemberg (1, p. 1114). Specimens of stone fromMr. Zeller’s quarries, arranged for the manufacture ofmillstones. According to their different conditions ofhardness, grain, and colour, these millstones are em-ployed for grinding wheat or other grain. HonourableMention is made of Mr. Zeller for this interesting manu-facture.
The Counsellor Von Minutoli, of Liegnitz (191,p. 1058). Amongst numerous objects of antiquity andarchitectural decoration, this gentleman has exhibitedsome very fine marbles of Silesia, for which the Juryhave awarded an Ordinary Mention.
M. de Mulmann, of Zeelie Plato, near Siegburg (319,p. 1018). Refractory clay, refractory bricks for liningthe interior of blast furnaces, and crucibles for steel cast-ing. The crucibles are considered by Mr. Schreiber tobe of good quality, and they are made of the same clayas the bricks, to which, however, is added graphite fromBavaria .
Messrs. Kapeller and Son,* of Ilafnerzall, nearPassau (28, p. 1099). The reputation of the plumbagocrucibles of Bavaria has been long established, and theywere considered, till lately, as the only ones that couldcompete with those employed in the steel-works of Shef-field, and manufactured of Stourbridge clay. Thesecrucibles owe their superiority to a mixture of plumbago,which modifies tlie dilatation and contraction of thematerial of the crucibles when they are exposed to thehigh temperature of the steel furnaces, or withdrawn topour out the steel.
The crucibles of Messrs. Kapeller are of very differentsize, and we have noticed some 2 feet high and about 20inches in diameter. According to their dimensions, andperhaps also the preparation of the clay, these cruciblesare employed for fusing silver, gold, or steel.
A Prize Medal is granted to Messrs. Kapeller for theexcellent manufacture of their crucibles.
Geological Maps and Collections.
Geological maps and collections are properly regardedas a means of spreading geological knowledge, andfavouring the development of mineral industry. Theseconsiderations have induced the Jury to grant a PrizeMedal and two Honourable Mentions for different geolo-gical maps, published by several editors in differentGerman states, although these editors have in no degreeparticipated in the investigations made in preparingthese maps.
The Prize Medal has been awarded to Messrs. Jongiiausand Venator, booksellers of Darmstadt , for their beau-tiful relief maps:—1. Of the Grand Duchy of Hesse,and the Grand Duchy of Nassau, executed by M. Ewald,Secretary of the Geographical Society of Darmstadt. 2.Of Wurtemberg, Baden, and the countries surroundingthe Palatinate and Alsace . These maps are part of theexhibition of Hesse (6, p. 1126).
Honourable Mention is made of T. Dickert, of Bonn (432, p. 1074), who has prepared relief geological maps ofthe Siebengebirge, the Valley of the Rhine, and Vesuvius ;and also of Messrs. Schropp and Simon, of Berlin (303),who have published a coloured lithographic series ofgeological maps.
Mineralouical and Metallurgic Collection of theDuchy of Nassau , collected and exhibited by theGovernment Engineers of Mines (Nassau , 1 to 5,p. 1031).
* These Exhibitors have been awarded a Prize Medalby the Jury of Class xxvii., in whose List their namesappear.— I. W.