84
[Class IV.
diminishing friction in machinery, and for fire-arms, ;&c., is shown by F. Jolly, of Mer, Loire-et-Cher (276, p. 1192'. 1
Oil for lamps and machinery of various sorts is alsoexhibited by M. Moreau (325, p. 1192).
Purified linseed oil, and oil boiled with oxide of lead, (are shown by Renault, of Bordeaux. !
A number of good samples of oils are shown by variousexhibitors, iu the very interesting collection of the rawproduce of Algeria , contributed by the Minister of War(■see p. 69). in particular, the series shown by Curtkt,junior, of I3ab-el-0ued (22, p. 1261), deserves notice; itconsists of good specimens of the oils of linseed, sun-flower, cameline, sesamum, mardia, castor, olive, colza,mustard, and cotton seed, together with the seeds fromwhich they are expressed. The Jury awarded a PrizeMedal for this series.
A good collection of oils is also shown by II. J.Mkrcurix, of Cheragas (37, p. 1261), including olive oilof 1850, and a series of essential oils, for the use of per-fumers, namely—
1. Bigararde.
2. Citrine.
3. Melarose.
4. Absinthe.
5. Myrtlie.
: 11. Petit grain.
12. Neroli.
| 13. Cedrat.j 14. Bergamotte.
For this also the Jury* awarded a Prize Medal.
Fine samples of olive oil, prepared in 1850, are likewiseexhibited by J. Bordk, of Philipville, Constantine(9, p. 1259), and E. F. Maffre, of Bougie, Constantine(35, p. 1261); these were each deemed worthy of Honour-able Mention.
A series of volatile oils, or essences, are also contributedby P. Simounet (51, p. 1262), consisting of—
1. Sauge. ' 5. Citron zeste. 8. Bigarrarde.
2. Absinthe. . 6. Melarose. 9. Neseri.
3. Verveine. | 7. Portugal zeste. 10. Neroli.
4. Citronine. I
Pine-needle oil, a volatile liquid obtained during thedesiccation of pine leaves, or needles, in preparing a fibrousmaterial for the use of upholsterers (seep. 82; p. 1054),is exhibited by C. G. Fabian, of llumboidsaw, nearBreslaw (95); this was deemed worthy of HonourableMention.
Purified oil, intended for the use of watchmakers, isexhibited by J. L. F. Schramm, of Dessau (806, p. 1094).
Fair samples of rape-seed, and rape oil, from Holland , <are shown by A. bf. Haan, of Rotterdam (9, p. 1143); :these were considered deserving of Honourable Mention.
A large number of exhibitors of olive and other oils isfound in the Portuguese collections. Among these maybe specified fine samples of olive oil from J. L. he Ca-theiros Mexezes (460-1, p. 1313); from AlmeidaPraf.nca (462-3-4, p. 1313); from De Maudo (465-6,p. 1313); from J. Larcher (467-8, p. 1313); from theCount beFarrobo (469-70,p. 1313); from J. B. Pinto(471-2, p. 1313); from Almedia Silva, and Co. (473-4-5-6-7, and 4S0, p. 1313); from J. d’Albuql'krqueMeli.o (478-9, p. 1313 >; from the Marquis he Ficalho(4S1-2, p. 1313); and from the Count be Lixhares(483-4, p. 1313); each of these was deemed worthy ofHonourable Mention.
Excellent specimens of several volatile oils, includingthose of lavender, juniper, rosemary, and lemon, are sentby F. M. C- Leal, (497-500, p. 1313); for these the Jury-awarded a Prize Medal.
Very good samples of palm and ground-nut ( arachis )oils, from Angola, are exhibited by F. R. Batalha ;(495a, p. 1313); these were deemed deserving of Honour-able Mention. Fair samples also of castor, linseed, andalmond oils are likewise shown by V. Burxay (493, p.1313), from Estremadura .
Front the Linsinsk Forest Institute, in the governmentof St. Petersburg, district of Czarskoe Sielo (83, p. 1369),are samples of the empyreumatic volatile oil, obtained bythe destructive distillation of birch bark; this substanceis employed in the preparation of Russia leather, andgives it that peculiar and agreeable odour, which helps
to preserve it from the attacks of insects. This oil hasa dark-brown or almost black colour, is somewhat thick,and has a specific gravity of 0*939. Its odour is strong,disagreeable, and empyreumatic; when poured upon paper,it forms a brown greasy stain, which, however, soon dries,anti after a short time, when the empyreumatic odour isdissipated, there remains only the peculiar and agreeablescent which belongs to Russia leather. The Juryawarded a Prize Medal for these specimens.
Fine samples of walnut, linseed, coleseed, and castoroils, are exhibited by Girardi Brothers, of Turin ,(5, p. 1302). Good olive oil is also shown by the Che-valier Mancu Simone, of Sassari (15, p. 1303;; and byS. Mksina, of Xuoro (3L, p. 1303); and some good lin-seed oil is contributed by J. Calvi, of Genoa (22, p.1303). These were severally deemed deserving ofllonour-able Mention.
In the Spanish collections, an excellent sample of theessential oil of lemons is shown by J. Canales, ofMalaga , (242a, p. 1344). For this the Jury awarded aPrize Medal. The manufacture of olive oil in Spain hasundergone very considerable improvement during the lastfew years; in particular, the process for expressing theoil has been rendered more rapid and effectual by theintroduction of the hydraulic press, and thus the injuriousconsequences which resulted from the partial fermentationof the fruit are avoided.
Fine samples are contributed by the Province ofAlmeria (164, p. 1339); from Alburqnerque, by C S.Moxtesinos, of Badajoz (167, p. 1339); from xllma-dovar del Rio, by the Province of Cordova (165, p. 1339),being the produce of the wild olive; from the village ofXigiielas, by J. Zayas, of Granada (168, p. 1339);from Santa Fe, by A. Dikz he Ribera, of Granada(172, p. 1339); by M. Fernandez, of Malaga (109,p. 1339); and by the Province of Seville (171, p. 1339).These were severally deemed worthy of HonourableMention.
Samples of olive oil are likewise exhibited by theAgriculturalBoarhof Valencia, from D. V. Tortosa,andD. J. Cajra.scosa (173, p. 1339,; by the Agricultu-ral Board of Cordova ; and by the Count of Sobuadiklof Saragossa (174, p. 1339). A specimen of linseed oil,
from Lorca, is contributed by I).-, of Murcia (170,
p. 1339); and nut oil from Oviedo, by D. S. AlvarezCallkja (166, p. 1339).
A cake of hard vegetable wax, obtained from a plantindigenous to the northern parts of St. Domingo, is con-: tributed by Sir R. Sciiomburgk amongst the other rawproduce of that island. It is not suited for the manu-facture of candles alone, but, like the berry wax of theCape of Good Hope , serves very well to mix with otherfatty substances (see p. 83; p. 1*429).
A few samples of oils are contributed from Tunis ,including, besides some of the common fixed oils, sam-ples of several of the volatile oils used in perfumery,
; especially the oil or attar of roses, and of jasmine, togetherwith a few mixed essences, such as those of quince, orange,benzoin, aloes, See.
Some good specimens of linseed oil, and of rape oil,both refined and unrefined, are shown by Joseph Owen,
: of Copenhagen (44, p. 1359); these were deemed worthyof Honourable Mention.
The Turkish collection of raw produce includes a nu-merous and interesting series of oils, both fixed andvolatile, from various localities, the former include thefollowing (see p. 69):—