Class YI.]

LOOMiS Y/EAYIXG MACHINES, &r.

107

raising them; whereas in the ordinary jacquard loomthose threads which are not carried up by the lifting barsare allowed to remain in the horizontal position.

The power-loom of Messrs. Kenworthy and Bullough(21, p. 270) is characterised by two self-acting methodsof stopping the loom by throwing off the belt; the onewhen the weft breaks, the other when the shuttle traps ,—that is, sticks in its course through the shed.

Mr. Mason’s large loom for wool (10, pp. 2G8, 2G9),has a motion which releases the swell of the shuttle-boxat the instant of picking or driving the shuttle, wherebythe force required for the latter operation is greatlydiminished.

Mr. M. Smith (22, p. 270) exhibits several power-looms with a peculiar mode of delivering the warp; oneof them lias a self-action for changing the shuttles, andthereby working in three colours in any desired order,the changes being governed by a kind of jacquardapparatus.

Mr. Fromage (France , 219, p. 1184) contributes apower-loom in which two shuttles are employed, andshifted by an endless chain, provided with tappets fixedin the order required by the pattern.

Messrs. Taylor and Son’s power-loom (23, p. 270) isprovided with four jacquard cylinders working simul-taneously, and Mr. Chalmers (32, p. 273) exhibits alarge power-loom for damask-weaving, provided with ajacquard and some new arrangements.

Mr. Crichton’s model (35, p. 273) shows a taking-upmotion that adjusts itself to the increasing diameter ofthe cloth beam with more precision than any previouscontrivance.

Other looms are exhibited by Messrs. Harrison (18,p. 270), Henning (43, p. 273), Elliott and IIeys (50,p. 274>, Milligan (38, p. 273), Cross (G4, p. 275), andJ. Smith (59, p. 275).

A jacquard loom of the most beautiful workmanshipand mechanism, for weaving silk-flowered damask of therichest quality, is maintained in constant action byMessrs. Atkinson and Co., of Dubliu {12 and 15; andtlie Lowell Machine Shop have sent from America (447, p. 1461) a power-loom of highly-finished workman-ship. The power-loom for weaving fringe by Messrs.Feed and Co. (85, p. 279), is a remarkable piece of mecha-nical contrivance, weaving without shuttles thirty-fourpieces of fringe simultaneously.

Mr. Harrison (18, p. 270), exhibits a power-loom madefifty or sixty years ago, which will he looked upon withgreat interest as a specimen of the mode in whichmachinery was constructed at that period.

Notwithstanding the great employment of the jacquardloom in France (the country to which the world isindebted for this admirable piece of mechanism), the onlyspecimens that have been sent from thence on the presentoccasion are two jacquard cylinders by Messrs. Martin(323, p. 1192), and Acklin (399, p. 1197), which exhibittwo different ways of employing a continuous sheet ofpaper in lieu of the chain of pasteboards usually applied.

Well-made jacquards of the ordinary construction areexhibited in the ZollvereiuDepavtment by Messrs. Winter(5G, p. 1050), and Bonardel Brothers (53, p. 1050) ; inthe Austrian, by the Heirs of P. Gamba (109, p. 1013),and in the Kussian by the Imperial Ai.exandrovskManufactory (149, p. 1371); from Belgium, M. Yan-devix (12G, p. 1155) sends a singular loom in which apattern, painted on soft cloth, is employed in a kind ofjacquard-frame to act instead of the chain of cards; thissimple device appears to succeed well enough for coarsedamask, linen, and other common goods.

Yarious applications are shown of small jacquardmachines which act on the heddles of power-looms in lieuof tappets, or in other ways, so as to produce diapers orother figured patterns of limited range; as, for example,by Messrs. Gocdf.au (Belg. 135, p. 1155), M. Smith (22,p. 270), J. Smith (59, p. 275), Mason (10, pp. 268, 2G9).

A simple machine for reading the jacquard patternsand punching the cards, well adapted for small weavers,is shown by Messrs. Bonardel (Prussia, 53, p. 1050),and a reader with keys similar to those of an organ,by .Mr. Mackenzie, (39, p. 273).

Mr. De Fontaine Moreau (30, p. 273) exhibits a jac-quard loom, in which a cylinder like that of a barrelorgan, and provided with pegs that can be shifted to suitany required pattern, is substituted for the usual chain ofcards.

(6.) Luce Frames.

Mr. Birkin (94, p. 280) exhibits, in operation, a singletier jacquard bobbin-net machine, making figured laces.This machine is of excellent workmanship, and mostjudiciously arranged, combining all the recent and im-portant improvements in this branch of manufacture.

Mr. Sewell (92, p. 279), one of the jurors of thisclass, contributes a double-tier bobbin-net-macliine,making Brussels net, combining great simplicity ofarrangement and symmetry of proportion with efficientoperation.

Messrs. Ball, Dunnicliff, and Co. (90, p. 279) main-tain, in operation, a warp-lace machine, making silk blond,of excellent workmanship and design, and remarkablefor the noiselessness of its complex movements.

A frame for “ gassing lace”—that is, for burning theminute fibres from it by passing it rapidly over gasflames, is exhibited by Messrs. Burton (96, p. 230); butthey are unfortunately prevented from shov ing this mostinteresting process by the necessary restrictions againstthe introduction of gas into the building.

Messrs. Hudson and Bottom (88, p. 279) show a lace-dressing machine of superior construction, but are alsoprevented from exhibiting its operation by the uusuit-ableucss of the process.

(7.) Stocking or Hosiery Manufacture.

In this Department are several machines, both English and foreign, well worthy of remark. Messrs. T. andT. G. Carver (89, p. 279) exhibit a well-made and beau-tifully-finished stocking-frame of the ordinary form.

Messrs. Whitworth and Co. (201, p. 287-290) showtheir machine for knitting, in which the stitches aretaken up singly, as in hand-knitting. This machine (theprinciple only of which is American) is remarkable as aspecimen of English constructive propriety and skill.Somewhat similar in principle is a small machine forknitting seamless purses in the French Department, byM. Laxeuville (287, p. 1190).

Of circular hosiery frames Mr. Claussen (86, p. 279) inthe English Department exhibits two, and Mr. Jacquin.of Troyes (546, p. 1204), in the French Department,three. These machines, which are nearly identical, areremarkable for excellence of workmanship and beauty ofarrangement. They have vertical sinkers, eccentric de-pressors, and tucking pattern wheels, and are calculatedto produce fabrics of great variety and beauty, and toeffect important and beneficial results in this branch ofmanufacture.

The circular frames of M. Berthelot (France , 422,pp. 1198, 1199) are more complex than the above; thesinkers are arranged in a horizontal position, and revolvewith the frame; but these machines will produce fabricsof a finer description, and of fiax and silk, materialswhich are intractable in the frames above mentioned.

In the Belgian Department (123, p. 1155) will befound a small circular hosiery frame, by M. Joutne.

(8.) Ilcald Machines , Sewing Machines, <§-c.

Two machines for weaving healds for looms are exhi-bited in this collection.

That of Mr. Judkins, in the English Department (52,p. 1274), is an ingenious application of the principle ofthe common plaiting-maehine to the production of a heald,combined on a new system, completely free from knotsor other obstructions to its action, and to the passage ofthe warp.

The machine of M. Dorey (France , 823, p. 1220) isa beautiful piece of mechanical combination, and theheald, although different from the above, is also withoutknots.

Plaiting machines of the usual construction are shownby Mr. Van Mierlo (Belgium, 133, p. 1155), and M.Duuffell (Prussia, 54, p. 1081).

Under this head we may also notice three ingenious