193
PAPER AND HUNTING MACHINES, TYPE FOUNDING, Ac.
f Class VI.
anil useful contrivances in the French Department, namely,a small frame by M. Foucher (837, p. 1220) to enablepoor workmen, or cottagers to weave slippers with easeand rapidity; a frame for weaving wigs by M. Croisat(1574, p. 1252); and alarge machine for sewing sacks byM. Sexkchal (373, p. 1194).
An effective and ingenious machine for sewing withtwo threads is exhibited in action in the American De-partment by Mr. Blodcet (551, p. 1468). A somewhatsimilar one is shown by Mr. Judkin in the English De-partment (52, p. 274).
(9.) Paper-making, Cutting, and Folding.
We now come to the curious and useful process bywhich worn-out and dirty rags, old ropes, and such-likeapparently worthless matter, are wrought into paper.But unfortunately, as in many other cases already alludedto, the noise, damp, and heat with which the operationsof paper machinery are inseparably connected, have pre-vented them from being shown, and indeed for the mostpart the machines are only represented by Models.
Messrs. Cowan and Son (166, p. 286) exhibit a modelof a pulp-meter for regulating the supply of pulp to thepaper machine so as to insure equality in the thicknessof the sheets; Mr. Fouudrinier (100, p. 280) a modelof his original patent paper machine; and Messrs. Don-kin and Co. (130, p. 282) an elaborate and beautifulmodel of a complete series of machines, with their ap-purtenances, for making paper, containing all the latestimprovements which he has introduced into this im-portant and valuable branch of manufacturing mechanism;Mr. Marshall (137) also contributes a model of a paper-making machine.
Portions of the process are illustrated by other exhi-bitors, as in Mr. Watson’s improved pulp-strainer (165,pp. 285, 286); and in the wove wire-cloth and dandy rollersof Messrs. Brewer (132, p. 282; and 144, p. 283); Mr.Sullivan (156, p. 284); and Mr. Marshall (137).
A machine for cutting the endless paper into sheets isshown in Mr. Donkin’s model in connexion with thepaper-making machine: and one of the full size is exhi-bited by Mr. Tidcombe (108, p. 280).
In the French Department (717) there is a completesuite of paper machinery of the fuU size and of excellentworkmanship, containing all the appurtenances for mould-ing, drying, laying, ami cutting the paper, by Messrs.Varrall, Middleton, and Elwell (p. 1213).
Mr. Wilson (112, p. 280) exhibits his admirably con-structed and useful machines for cutting paper, card-boards, books, &c. In one of these the knife descendsvertically*, and in the other, which is more especiallyintended* for mill-boards, it descends diagonally. In theFrench Department, M. Bottier (1101, p. 1230) has asmall cutting-press for bookbinding, in which a knifemoves diagonally in a horizontal plane.
Two machines for gumming and folding envelopes areexhibited in operation in the English Department. One,beautifully finished by the original inventor of such ma-chines, Mr. De La Rue (Class XVII., No. 76, pp. 541-543), is distinguished by great ingenuity and perfectoperation ; the other, by Air. Remoxde, contains a novelapplication of currents of air and exhaustion to producethe motions of the paper in folding, and the transferenceof the envelopes.
Mr. Black (138, p. 283) has an effective machine forfolding primed sheets, whether 8vo., 12mo., or 24mo.,newspapers, Ac. with precision and rapidity; and Mr.Taylor (136, p. 283) a machine by which fiat circulardiscs of paper are neatly moulded into hemisphericallamp shades.
Messrs. Church and Goddard (135, p. 283) exhibit amachine which cuts sheets of card-board into packs ofcards.
The machine of Mr. Adorno for making cigarettes(448. p. 303) is principally employed in cutting, wrapping,and folding the ends of the paper envelopes in which thetobacco is enclosed, and may therefore be included underthe present head. In this beautifully contrived me-chanism an endless sheet of paper is supplied at one end,
together with the requisite tobacco, and after passingthrough fourteen operations those materials are deliveredat the other end in the shape of complete cigarettes.
(10.) Type Printing.
An excellent machine for founding type is exhibited inthe Zollverein section by M. Leonhardt, (55, p. 1050)by which 4,000 types can be made in an hour; andsimilar machines by Messrs. Hoffmann (12, p. 1105) andBrockiiaus (13, p. 1105), in Saxony , for founding andand justifying type.
In the English part, Messrs. Harding, Piillein, andJohnson (102, p. 280) exhibit the patent apyrotype ma-chinery, of which they are the proprietors. By thisapparatus type is formed from copper, zinc, or othermetals without beat, by means of dies and pressure, andis also dressed and regulated by the machinery,
The Gutta Percha Company of London (424, p. 301)contribute stereotype plates of gutta percha (with speci-men impressions), in connexion with a large unfinishedmachine intended for printing therewith on endless paper,which is also to be cut and folded before it leaves the ma-chine ; the gutta percha types not requiring the paper tobe damped.
Mr. Cooke (118, p. 280) shows a new arrangement oftype-boxes for compositors; and M. Sorensen, in theDanish section (13) exhibits an ingenious machine forcomposing and subsequently distributing type—this ma-chine has not, however, had the advantage of expe-rience.
Of printing-presses worked by hand, the following areexhibited:- By Messrs. Cowslade and Lovejoy (91,p. 279), with self-inking apparatus; by Messrs. Sher-win, Cope, and Co (104, p. 280) ; by Messrs. E. and W.Ullmer(121, p. 280), also with self-inking apparatus; byMessrs. Clymkr and Dixon (124, p.282); by Messrs.Hoi’Kinsox and Cote (162, p. 285); and in model byMessrs. T. Nelson, jun. (120, p. 280), and Cobb (T5o,p.28,'3).
Two forms of a hand printing-press, of novel arrange-ment and excellent workmanship, are exhibited by Messrs.Bansomes and May (640, Class V., pp. 246, 247), one ofwhich has a self-inking apparatus.
Cylinder printing machines are exhibited by Messrs.Naeier and Son (158, p.285); by Messis. Wateheowand Sons (164, p. 285) ; and in model by Mr. Cowter(134, pp. 282, 283).
Tile Scandinavian press of Messrs. Hopkinson andCope (102, p. 285) is worked by power, hut has a ver-tical pressure.
In the great machiue by Mr. Appeegath, exhibited(122, pp. 280, 281) by Mr. Ingham, by which the “ Illus-trated London News ” is printed in the Exhibition, theprinting cylinder is placed in a vertical direction. Fourframes for supplying the paper are fixed in a radiatingposition from the centre, thus allowing four sheets to beprinted in each turn of the cylinder.
Another printing machine, in which a stereotype plateis curved to tit the circumference of a cylinder, is ex-hibited by Mr. Nelson (120, p. 2S0).
(11.) jS'umbering, raying, and Hiding Machines.
Messrs. Church and Goddard exhibit (135, p. 283) anelaborate machine, which prints, numbers, cuts, andpacks railway tickets; and a smaller machine for num-bering and printing tickets is shown by Messrs. Harriedand Sons (157, p. 2S4). In the French division, Mr.Baranowski (15, pp. 1171, 1172) has a neat and inge-nious machine for the same and other purposes, in whichthe chance of error in the numbering apparatus is wellprovided against. Paging machines for ledgers, cheque-books, &c., are shown by Messrs. IVaterlow and Sons(164, p. 285), and by Schlesinger and Co. (Class XVII.,38, p. 539).
Machines for ruling paper are exhibited by Mr. Shaw(110, p. 280), and, in the French section, by M. Bac-ciiet-Verlinde (413, p. 1198), the latter is arranged (inthe manner of cylinder printing machines) so as to rulethe paper on both sides before it quits the machine.