Class XVII.]
435
DvscRtmoN
OF
Manufacture
Phovince.
Daily Wages
5 of the Workpeople.
Steam Kngines. |
Horse Mills.
M
ils.
Under :
50 Cents. |
Fi50 Cto
Children
om
ents.
Fr.
4
3
Above
1 Fr.
Total.
Number.
Ilorse-Power.
j
Number.
5
©
S
o
o
ti
©
j Water.
Wind.
Boys.
Girls. II
■ Boys.
£
4
4
2 :
_
_
_
_
6
_
_
1
_
Brabant - -
115
52 ;
56
20
4
—
247
13
142 |
—
-
47
—
21
—
7
o
—
—
30
1
12 1
o
4
4
Paper Mills ^
Hainaut - -
5
•2
3
3
-
-
13
-
-
-
-
3
-
Liege- - -
13
59 |
4
12
-
-
88
8
100 j
—
-
10
—
_
_
-
—
-
_
—
-
—
—
—
i
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
“ ]
-
~
2
-
Total for the Kingdom -
15S
115
70
37
4
-
384
22
254 j
2
4
68
i
Paper and t
5
0
7
_
_
9
_
Pasteboard j
i
6 ;
5
16
-
-
28
3
70
-
-
4
-
The whole Kingdom -
6
6 i
5
18
-
-
35
3
70 1
-
-
G
-
MM. Godin and Son, of Huy, Liege (284, p. 11G0), !displayed an extensive collection of every description of !drawing, writing, printing, and packing papers; some |drawing-papers in long lengths, well made, and hard- !sized. They were the only paper manufacturers from I Belgium who exhibited. From the Netherlands , MM. !Honig, of Zaandyk (59, p. 1145), exhibited double ielephant paper, of excellent quality; and MM. Van jGeldf.r and Sons, of Wormerveer (61, p. 1145), some jspecimens of excellent purple and white paper, white jinside and purple outside, machine made, for the use of ;sugar refiners.
Rome . — M. Miliani(12, p. 1285) exhibited specimens jof drawing and plate papers, of excellent quality. !
Denmark . —MM. Drewsen and Sons, of Silkeborg , [Jutland (4\ exhibited specimens of'writing-paper, milled ;in long lengths, stated to be by a new process. The jfinish is not equal to the highly-glazed papers called jsatined , but as mill-glazed the specimens were good. j
Paper-making—The Zollverein States. !
The manufacture of paper has rapidly increased in theGerman Zollverein within the last few years. The Statesnot only now produce paper sufficient for their own con-
sumption, but also for exportation. Rags are largelyimported from other countries. The average yearly con-sumption of rags is said to be four pounds per head ofthe entire population, as proved by manufacturers whocollect their rags within certain districts; this statementseems to be corroborated by its corresponding with theamount of the actual consumption of linen and cotton.The Zollverein , according to the last census, had a popu-lation of 29,649,330 souls. In 1850, the weight of ragsmade into paper in the German Zollverein was between1,180,000 and 1,190,000 cwts. This shows the greatactivity in the manufacture of paper in these States. Inthe Prussian provinces of Silesia, Saxony r , Westphalia ,the Rhine provinces, and also Brandenburg, both Ilesses,the kingdom of Saxony , and many of the other States ofthe Union, large quantities of paper are produced. Thereare 794 paper-mills, having 116 paper-machines, which,at an average of 700 kilogrammes of paper per day, give3G,964 tons per year. It is an important fact that in theZollverein the finer and better sorts of paper are pro-duced, and part exported, whilst the common paper isimported. The proportion, according to the average ofthe years 1843 to 1845, and 1846 to 1848, will be bestunderstood from the following table:—
Quantity, per Cwt.
Value, (Prussian Dollars).
Price
Avera<»e of
Average of
Average of
Average of
per cwt.
184G-48.
1843-45.
1846-48.
1843-45.
Dollars.
Imports. Exports.
Impoi ts.
Exports.
Imports.
Exports.
Imports.
Experts.
Unsized ordinary printing-paper
_
7
1,447
_
1,589
_
10,129
_
11,123
Grev blottinsr and packing-paper
—
8
1,142 i -
1,006
—
9,136
-
8,048
—
All other sorts of paper - -
—
15
' 5,468. 1,606
—
5,621
82,020
84,315
Paper-hangings - — — —
-
40
-
838
64,240
33,520
Bookbinders’ stationery - -
-
100
; 1,142
-
1,276
114,200
127,6C0
Total - - -
-
-
-
-
-
9,136
270,589
8,048
256,558
Excess of Exports -
- -
261
453
248
510
It appears from the above that stationery forms a largeportion of the exports, which consist of numerous smallarticles, such as porte-monnaies and similar goods, forwhich Berlin and other Zollverein large cities are cele-brated. From 1844 to 1847 the annual amount of ragsimported exceeded that of the exports by nearly 11,000cwts. In 1848 this excess of imports was reduced to4,500 cwts. In 1849 and 1850 these amounts increased ;
and in the latter year the imports were 8,386 cwts., andthe exports 1,604 cwts., showing an excess of 6,782 cwts.of rags imported more than those exported. The firstpaper-machine was established in Berlin in 1818.
Printing keeps pace with paper-making. The circula-tion of periodicals is very considerable. In 1840, Prussiaalone had more than 300 newspapers and periodicals, andthe number has since greatly increased. In Germany
o f 2