898
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING.
Book II.
scaffolds, wheelbarrows, trucks, &c. ; the other tools belong to the workmen; the carts areusually hired by the day, in the price of which the value is comprised. It has been foundthat these incidental expenses amount to about one-twentieth of the labour. Supposea cube metre of loam dug, thrown out, removed in wheelbarrows to 150 metres distance,and rammed. Taking the price of the labourer per day at two francs, or 20 penceEnglish ,
Digging .....
Throwing out -
Loading the barrow -
Removal at five relays at 0-45 hour for each
Ramming -
- 0-90
- 0-65
- 0-60
- 2-25
- 0-50
Time employed by the workman
- 4-90
4-90 hours of the workmen is worth at 0*20 franc^5 for the incidental expenses -for profit -
Francs.
- - 0-980
- 0 049
- 0-103
Total -
- 1-132
If the same quantity of earth be removed in carts, it will require levelling down afterbeing shot; and supposing the value per day for a cart and one horse be nine francs, thedetail will be as follows.
Digging .....
Throwing out -
Loading the cart -
Levelling -
Ramming -
- 0-90
- 0-65
- 0-65
- 015
- 0-50
Time employed by the workmen
- 2-85
2-85 hours of the workmen at 0-20 francs is worth -Removing in the cart -
Time in going 150 metres at 0*06 of an hour for 100 metresUnloading -------
- 0*108
- 0*090
- 0-050
Francs.
0-570
Time employed by the carts - -
- 0-248
0-248 hour of two carts with one horse, at 1*80 francs, is worth
-
0-446
Total -
for incidental expenses -
■jtj for profit -------
-
10160 0510107
1*174
Whence it appears that for this distance there is a saving of 4 centimes per cube metreby using barrows in preference to carts.
Fascine Work and Fencing. — The materials used are branches of trees, stakes, andgravel to fill the intervening spaces: the price of the branches is at per cube metre, andregulated by the price of timber: the fascines are usually 2*5 metres in length, and90 centimetres in diameter: the stakes are 1 -5 metres in length, and 5 centimetres indiameter; when hurdles are employed, they are made with the longest rods that can beobtained, but not more than from 2 or 3 centimetres diameter at the largest end; thedistance between the stakes varies according to the strength required; it is usuallyabout 50 centimetres. With regard to the quantity of material for the execution ofthese works, a fascine with its four stakes will require two cube metres of branches;there will be 1^ fascines in the cube metre of each row, the thickness of which will bereduced, after placing and driving in the stakes, to 20 centimetres; it will then require 6§fascines for every cube metre of work performed: if hurdle rods are used across the fascinesto tie them together, there will be 01 cube metre of branches for a square metre of eachrow, or 0‘5 cube metre for a cube metre of work : if the spaces are filled with gravel, itwill require about 0*1 cube metre for every cube metre of work. To make a fascinewith its four stakes employs half an hour; for placing and driving them an hour, which