Kingdom.]

MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTSOutside the Building.

115

mineral cement, to prevent the ascent of damp in foun-dations, &c. Ornamental brick of the same.

Sample of fusible mineral cement, which when gaugedwith 150 per cent, of dry sharp sand, unites bricks andstones so firmly that they cannot again be separated.

20 Carnegie, W. F. L., Kmhlethmmt, Arbroath ,Scotlaiid —Proprietor.

Flagstones and freestones, known as Arbroath pave-ment, from Leysmill Quarries, dressed by Hunter’s stoneplaning machine.—(See Class 1, No. 198.)

22 Haywood, Jonas, Ardsley, near Barnsley —

Producer.

Grindstones from the Ardsley Oaks Quarry, Barnsley ,used principally in Lancashire and Yorkshire , for thegrinding of machinery, files, edge tools, needles, &c., andfor building purposes.

23 Dove, Dugald, Nitshill, Hurlet, near Glasgow

—Producer.

Freestone block, from Nitshill quarry. Grindstone from the same quarry, three feet in diameter by sixinches thick.

[The sandstones and greenstones of Nitshill arechiefly or entirely of the carboniferous period, and includeseveral kinds of various degrees of excellence.—I). T. A.]

24 Bedford, Bonson, Drake, & Co., Oaks Quarry,

near Barnsley —Producers.

Grindstones from the Oaks Quarry, near Barnsley ,9 feet 7 inches in diameter and 1LJ inches thick, for grind-ing machinery; 4 feet in diameter and 6 inches thick, forgrinding tools; 2 feet 6 inches in diameter and 9 inchesthick, for grinding files.

25 Raynes, Lupton, & Co., Liverpool —Producers.

_ Specimens of pure limestone, from Pentregwyddel quar-ries, near Abergele, Denbighshire; used in the roughstate, in chemical manufactures, and as building cement(lime); and in the manufactured state, as a lithographicstone, &c.

Specimens of stone, from Graig-lwyd quarries (Penmaen-Mawr, Carnarvonshire ), cut into paving, channel, andkerb-stones, and arranged in a frame as they would appearin a street pavement; and shown in a block, used aswheelers, or tram-road stones, channels, &e.

[The stone from Penmaen-Mawr, here exhibited, is anextremely hard compact rock of igneous origin, admirablyadapted, from its toughness, for all kinds of paving pur-poses. It is much used in the neighbourhood of Liverpool,and is also exported largely.—D. T. A.]

26 Penzance Serpentine Company —Producers.

A block of rough serpentine.

27 Towler, Edward, Market Rasen — Producer.

Stones adapted for paving, walling, road-making, andpolishing, from Kirton Lindseys Tunnel Stone Works, con-taining 95 per cent, of carbonate of lime.

Blue lias and hydraulic cement.

28 Franklin, P. S., Galway, Ireland —Proprietor.

Block of stone, partly polished. Block of marble andpaving-stones.

I Brown, Rusby, & Booth, Sheffield —Producersand Manufacturers.

Flags and steps. Block of sandstone, weight four tons.

I Local Committee, Falmouth and Penryn —Producers.

Sundry paving-stones.

34 Oakeley, Edward, Coed Talon, near Mold,Flintshire, Wales —Producer.

Steam-coal from Coed Talon and Leeswood collieries,near Mold, North Wales .

[This noble column of coal, said to weigh 16 tons, isfrom the main coal of the Flintshire coal-field, a seamnine feet thick, accompanied by five other beds of coaland four beds of ironstone. The quality of the coal isbituminous, and the proportion of ash less than 3 percent. The Flintshire coal-field is a narrow strip, partlycovered with new red sandstone, and extends 40 milesfrom north to south, with an ascertained breadth of fromtwo to 12 miles, being cut off by a north and south fault.The mines supplying the specimen extend over 1,300acres, and were opened about 30 years ago. About 2,000tons of coal per week are raised from them.—D. T. A.]

35 Buckingham, J., 13 Judd Place Bast, New Road(Agent to Messrs. Myers & Co., Bonville’s CourtCollieries )—Producer and Importer.

Anthracite coal, from Tenby, South Wales. Specimensof patent artificial stone.

36 Round, D. G., Hange Colliery, Tipton, near Birming-ham —Producer and Proprietor.

Specimens of iron ore.

Specimen of coal from the thirty feet, or thick-coalseam of South Staffordshire , cut out of the solid coal.This specimen is of the largest dimensions that could bebrought out of the mine up a seven-feet circular shaft.It measures eighteen feet in circumference, and weighsfive tons.

The rope used in lifting it is also exhibited; it wasmanufactured by Mr. Wm. A. Chubb, of Woodpark,Devonport.

The chains used in sending the coal out of the mineare shown in connexion with the rope; the block wasraised by means of the ordinary machinery employed inthe colliery. The picks used in hewing the coal.

[The thick coal-seam of Staffordshire , of which a com-plete section is given by the exhibitors, and of which also afine block weighing five tons is shown by Mr. Round, doesnot extend over a very large area, consisting, in fact,of the accidental junction of several seams with very thinand carbonaceous bands. The whole are necessarilyworked together, and below them are no less than eightother seams (one of them 9 feet thick) worked nearWolverhampton . The district yields much ironstone,and the coal is being rapidly abstracted: it is used to anenormouB extent for manufacturing purposes and iron-smelting in the neighbourhood of Birmingham.—D. T. A.]

37 James & Aubrey, Swansea — Producers.

A large block of anthracite, or stone coal, from Cwm-llynfell, in the Swansea valley.

[The great South-Welsh coal-field includes, at a mode-rate estimate, as much as 1,000 square miles of country,unequally divided between bituminous coal and an-thracite, the dividing line being nearly coincident withthe Neath Valley, and the anthracite portion extending tothe west. The anthracite has only recently been intro-duced into use, but is now recognised as a very importantmaterial, the different kinds being of great value for spe-cial purposes, and yielding sometimes as much as 92 percent. of carbon. The pure Welsh anthracite has beenfound to evaporate 10 lb. 8£ oz. water, by one pound ofcoal, the best bituminous coal not evaporating more than8 lbs. There is no reason to suppose any difference in