Kingdom.]

Class 1.—MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.

123

well as colour. The collection of pearls exhibit manyvarieties of colour both in the margarita and conch-shellspecimens.

[The colours of certain minerals are extremely usefulto the mineralogist in the determination of species, andare presented in great varieties in distinct series, but some-times in very unconnected order. The most strikingexamples of series are found amongst gems, and are wellillustrated in the collection described above, which isworthy of very careful observation and study.

The gems which best exhibit series of colours arediamond, corundum (oriental ruby and sapphire), topaz,emerald, garnet, and tourmaline. The zircons and jargoonsare also remarkable, and highly interesting.

In most cases, minerals that are nearly allied, and arehomomorphic, present similar series of colour; but in othercases, as in the diamond, the usual crystalline forms ex-hibit a more or less complex series in themselves. Theprincipal colours of the gems are white, as opal, which ismilk white; grey; black; blue, as some sapphires, whichare Prussian blue , or the variety corundum, calledceylonite, which is indigo blue; green, as emerald; yellow,as topaz; red, as some zircons, garnets, ruby, &c.; andbrown, as zircons.

The varieties of colour in pearls, extend from white andlead grey, through yellowish and pink, to black; the latterbeing, however, remarkable and rare exceptions, and thebluish or lead grey, being less valuable than more distincttints. Some pearls exhibit much play of colour.—D. T. A.]

25 Jamieson, George, 107 Union Street, Aberdeen —

Proprietor.

Cairngorm stones from Cairngorm, Aberdeenshire , inthe natural state, and cut into gems for jewellery.

Aberdeen and Peterhead granite, cut and mounted inbrooches and other fancy articles, as buttons, studs, deskseals, pen-holders, &c.

A ram’s head mounted in silver, as a snuff-box.

Scotch pearls found in the rivers Don, Ytlian, andUgie, Aberdeenshire . The shell from which the pearlsare obtained.

[The Cairngorm mountain, one of those forming the gra-nite nucleus of the Grampians, and rising to the height of4,080 feet, i3 well known, and has been long celebratedfor the fine quartz crystals of white, pink, dark brown,and black colours which take their name from it, and arefound either in the cavities in the rock or the debris ofrivers. Of these crystals, the deep-yellow varieties, when■well cut and set, are sold as topazes, and sometimes calledScotch topaz, while the darker varieties are called smoketopaz.—D. T. A.]

26 Cassels, Alexander, Edinburgh — Proprietor.

Two curling stones used in Scotland in the national

game of curling, made of the rock of Ailsa Craig, in theFirth of Clyde .

A specimen of the rock in the rough state.

The game of curling is practised upon ice during thewinter. The Royal Caledonian Curling Club, of whichHis Royal Highness Prince Albert is patron, is composedof above 10,000 members.

[Ailsa Craig consists of a single rock of grayish compactfelspar, with small grains of quartz, and very minute par-ticles of hornblende. The height is stated to be 1100feet, its length 3300, and its breadth 2200. On the eastit rises by steps, but from the south, round by the westto the north, it is more perpendicular, and divided intocolumns. It rises abruptly from deep water, about 10miles west of the coast of Ayrshire, and 15 miles south ofthe Isle of Arran.— D. T. A.]

27 Kay, J., 1layhill, Ochiltree — Manufacturer.Curling stone, made of greenstone trap.

28 Majendie, Ashhurst —Producer.

White topaz from Yan Diemen’s Land. Rough andcut.

28 a Watkins, Rev. C. F., Vicar of Brixworth,

Northamptonshire —Producer.

Silicious fossils from the chalk beds of South Wilts inquartz agates, calcedony, &c.

A collection of chalk flints chiefly formed in someorganic nucleus.

[The very beautiful series of specimens here exhibitedadmirably illustrates a variety of forms of organic bodies,which have been perpetuated by chalk flints, and whichcan have been only retained by a very rapid conversionof the original into silex. The bodies were in most caseseither soft or readily decomposed, but are now sur-rounded by, as well as converted into, flint, the structureof which, under the microscope, often betrays the mostminute details of the animal substance. Collections suchas that here exhibited are of great value to the naturalist,and are calculated to be of general use for purposes ofinstruction in an important department of geology.—D. T. A.] _

29 Howard, Thomas, C.E., Bristol — Producer.

Collection of the sands, clays, building stones, marbles,

coals, metals, and other minerals, belonging to the Bristol basin; a district bounded on the north by Thornbury andTortworth, on the east by Chipping Sodbury, Bath, andWells, on the south by the Mendip Hills, and on the westby the Bristol Channel ; including a geological range fromthe Silurian rocks up to the Oolites, with some alluvialand diluvial deposits.

Geological map of England, showing the extent andposition of the Bristol basin, relatively to the rest of thecountry.

Part of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain , colouredgeologically, showing the details of the Bristol district.Sections from north to south, and from west to east.

List of specimens of building stones, marbles, &c., insix-inch cubes:—

Oolite.

Upper oolites, from the neighbourhood of Bath.

Inferior oolite, from Dundry Hill, near Bristol .

Lias.

Blue lias (hydraulic lime when burnt), from Keynsham,near Bristol .

White lias, from Radstock and Poulton, Somerset .

“ Landscape ” lias, from Cotham, Bristol .

New Red Sandstone and Calcareo-Magnesian Conglomerates.

New red sandstone, found at Bristol .

Coarse sandstone, from Easton, Bristol .

Indurated red sandy marl, from Chew Magna, Somerset .

Fine-grained yellow conglomerate, found near HarleyPlace, Clifton.

Fine-grained crystalline calcareous conglomerate, foundnear Durdhom Down.

Indurated red sandstone with calc spar.

Re-cemented magnesian conglomerate, from Clevedon,Somerset .

Conglomerate with quartz, limestone, &c., from SeaMills, below Bristol .

Conglomerates from Clifton, Bristol ; and from thetunnel of the Bristol Waterworks, Harptree, Somerset .

Silicious conglomerate with jaspery iron-stone, fromBrandon Hill, Bristol .

Conglomerate, from the Mendip Hills.

Gypsum (sulphate of lime), from Windford, Somerset .

Coal Measures.

Pennant sandstones, from the middle part of the coalseries.