144
Class 1.—MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.
[United
has been generally removed by old miners by means ofadit levels, but shafts have been sunk more recently.
The pigment referred to is a variety of the anthracite,probably formed by decomposed parts of it, and has beenmuch used.—D. T. A.]
243 Mallet, Robert, C.E.—Producer.
Anthracite coal from Castlecomer, Ireland .
244 Bagot, Chas., 12 Charlemont Place, Ireland —
Producer.
Specimen of turf, or peat. The products of turf are tarand a watery liquor; the former divisible into paraffine,heavy oil and light oil; the latter containing ammonia,carbonic acid, acetic and pyroligneous acid, and pyroxylic.The gaseous products are, carbonic acid, oxygen, hydro-gen, and nitrogen. 100 tons of peat are said to give 10,000gallons of liquor, 1,000 gallons of tar, 6,269 feet of inflam-mable gas. The 1,000 gallons of liquor afford one ton ofsulphate of ammonia, sufficient acetic acid to give 13cwts. of grey acetate of lime, and 52 gallons of pyroxylicspirit. The tar yields 300 tons of paraffine, 200 gallons oflight hydro-carbonaceous oil, and 100 gallons of moredense and heavy oil.
Anthracite, or stone coal, from the coal-fields of Kil-kenny , county Tipperary, on the estate of AmbroseGoring, Esq., of Ballyphillip.
[The Kilkenny coal district includes a series of basins,or troughs, separated into three or four parts by carboni-ferous limestone. The strata are sandstones and shales,with fire-clay and several workable beds of anthraciticcoal. The portion in the county of Tipperary extendsfor about 20 miles in length by 6 in breadth in the widestpart. The beds are inclined at a high angle and undulate,the coal being worked by shafts to the centre or deepestpart of the trough, and then upwards on both sides.There are only three beds in this district; two of them 2feet each, and the other 9 inches. It is estimated by SirR. Kane that 50,000 tons per annum are raised. The coalis considered to be of fair quality. It yields from 3 to 8or 10 per cent, of red ash, and contains 9 or 10 per cent,of volatile matter.—D. T. A.]
245 -
Specimen of bituminous coal from the Coal IslandMine, county Tyrone, Ireland .
246 --
252 Wylam’s Patent Fuel Company— Producer.Patent fuel.
253 Powell, Thomas, Gaer, near Newport , Monmouth -shire —Proprietor.
Specimen of Duffryn steam coal, raised at Aberdare in Glamorganshire, and exported at Cardiff ; stated tobe well adapted for steam marine purposes.
Specimen of bituminous coal from the Monythusloynevein, raised at Lispentwyn, Monmouthshire ; adapted forhousehold and smithy purposes.
Model of the apparatus used for the shipment of coalsfrom boats or waggons at Cardiff dock, worked by a high-pressure steam-engine, and enabling vessels to ship 400tons per day.
[The great coal-field of South Wales , presenting nearly1,000 square miles of productive coal area, and dividedinto an anthracitic and bituminous portion, yields also,and abundantly, that intermediate semi-bituminous va-riety, called steam-coal, of which the above and someothers are well known, and adapted for general usein the Steam Navy. The Duffryn steam coal is rathersoft, free-burning, burns cleanly, without smoke, doesnot cake, and leaves a little white ash. Its specific gra-vity is 1 • 326. It yields 84 * 3 per cent, of coke, and con-tains—carbon, 88 * 26 ; hydrogen, 4*66; nitrogen, 1*45;oxygen, 0*60; sulphur, 1*77; ash, 3*26. Its relativecalorific value (carbon being unity) is 87 * 7.—D. T. A.J
254 Buckingham, James, 13 Judd Place East , NewRoad —Producer and Importer.
Specimens of anthracite from J. P. M. Myers & Co/sBonville’s Court Collieries near Tenby, Pembrokeshire,South Wales , which have been worked 25 years. Thisanthracite has a crystallized structure, ignites quickly,and requires no stoking; it makes no clinkers or smoke,and evaporates one-fifth more water than the best coke.It is uninjured by exposure to weather, having nopyrites.
A fuel is manufactured into blocks from the small coal(culm) of this anthracite, which burns readily withoutsmoke, and gives great heat.
The anthracite is composed of—
CarbonHydrogen.Oxygen
94-18
2-99
•76
Sulphur
Nitrogen
Ash
0*59
0*50
0-98
Its specific gravity is 1*4119.
247 Butler, Joseph Lawrence, Liverpool —
Proprietor.
Specimens of coal, cannel-coal, and coke, from differentseams, worked by the Mos3 Hall Coal Company, at Ince,near Wigan.
248 O’ Byrne, William Charles, 7 Montague Street,
Portman Square —Proprietor.
Specimen of the exhibitor’s Slievardagh coal.
[Slievardagh is in the county Tipperary, which containsa coal-field about 20 miles long, and 6 miles broad at thewidest part; the coals lying in deep troughs, and consist-ing of three beds, one nine inches, and the others two feetdeep. It was estimated by Sir R. Kane that 50,000 tonsof coals per annum had been worked from this district upto the year 1845.—D. T. A.]
249 Russell, James, & Son, Bathgate, Stirling —
Producers.
Specimen of cannel or gas coal, from Boghead, nearBathgate, Scotland , chiefly used for the production ofgas, of which it yields 13,500 cubic feet per ton; thespecific gravity being *775.
Chips of this coal are found to be so inflammable that,being lighted at a taper, they burn like a piece of wood.
255 Barrow, Richard, Staveley Wot'ks, nearChesterfield, Derbyshire .
Coal, from the mines at Staveley, in the county ofDerby, which belong to the Duke of Devonshire. Thisblock of coal, 17 ft. 6 in. long, 6 ft. wide and 4 ft. thickwas raised from a shaft 459 feet deep. The coal is 6 ft.thick, and is valued for its cohesive strength and powerof combustion, being in general use for steam-boats.
Three small pieces of coal, cut with a saw, from thesame mine, intended to exhibit its utility as ballast, orfor stowage in steam ships going long voyages. It isextensively used in the manufacture of iron.
[A gigantic specimen of this coal is placed outside theExhibition Building. The southern part of the great centralcoal-field of South Yorkshire , and the adjoining counties ofDerbyshire and Nottinghamshire , is now much worked,and contains several valuable beds of coal, and rapidlyentering into general use. The pits are from 300 to 500feet deep.—D. T. A.]