Kingdom.]

Class 1 .— MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.

145

adapted for use in kilns, in the manufacture of malt, andin drying corn. It is also adapted for use in close stoves,bakehouses, and wherever charcoal is used for heating orcooking, as it bums without smoke or soot. The seamfrom which the block is taken is 4 feet 6 inches thick.

259 Llangennech Coal Company, Port of Llanelly, SouthWales, Sc 6 Coal Exchange— Producer.

Specimens of free-burning, smokeless, steam coal, fromthe Llangennech colliery.

[The Llangennech coal is dull, soft, and fibrous, withirregular fracture, burning to a red ash, and weighingnearly 57 lbs. to the cubic foot. It contains carbon,85'46; hydrogen, 4*20; nitrogen, 1*07; sulphur, 0*29; oxy-gen, 2*44; and ash, 6*54. Like other semi-bituminouscoals, it burns without much smoke, and is thereforeadapted for use in the Steam Navy.—D. T. A.]

260 Western Gaslight Company, 9 Holies Street,Cavendish Square —Producer.

Specimens of the Newcastle cannel coal, from whichthe gas supplied by the Western Gaslight Company tothe building of the Great Exhibition is made.

Specimens of the cannel coke, produced in the manu-facture.

261 Atkinson, John, Coleford, Gloucester —Producer.

A complete set of specimens of the workable seams ofcoal and veins of iron ore, from the Forest of Dean ,placed in compartments, showing the name and thicknessof each, and also the name of the works from which theyare produced; with two sections of the mineral basin,illustrative of the same. The case which contains theminerals is a specimen of the oak of Dean Forest .

[The Forest of Dean coal-field is understood to occupyabout 45 square miles; the total thickness of the depositsbeing about 3,000 feet, of which there is a thickness of52 feet of coal distributed in 28 seams. It is remarkablefor the great regularity of the deposits over a large partof the area, the beds dipping steadily towards the middleof the basin, and the millstone-grit rising and surround-ing it. There is, however, an extensive and remarkablefault crossing the field. The workable seams of the dis-trict are in three groups, the lowest of which have notyet been much worked, except near their outcrop, wherethey are reached by levels driven from the hill side.Some parts of the thicker seams measure as much as 12feet.—D. T. A.]

262 Day & Twibell, Barnsley —Proprietors.

A column of coal, three feet square at the base, showingthe entire thickness, and all the different qualities of theseams or beds which are found together, and generallyknown by the name of the Barnsley thick coal, from theMount. Osborne Collieries, Barnsley, Yorkshire . Abouttwo-thirds of the entire bed or stratum produce house-fire coal, and one-third, coal for steaming, iron-smelting,

263 Field, Coopers, & Faulds, Worshro ’ Hale,Barnsley —Proprietors.

Silkstone Main house coal, from the Silkstone bed—thickness of bed 5 feet 6 inches.

Worsbro’ Park hard or steam coal, and soft or housecoal, from the Barnsley 10-feet bed.

[The Barnsley coal is obtained from part of the greatcentral coal-field of South Yorkshire, Nottingham , andDerbyshire, a district extending from Leeds to Notting-ham , and including as much as 650,000 acres of coal-field.The qualities of coal obtained are bituminous or house-

hold coal, steam coal, cannel, and anthracite, varyingmuch in quality in different localities. There are about12 workable seams, the total average thickness beingupwards of 30 feet, and the thickest seam is 10 feet. Thetotal thickness of the upper carboniferous series here isestimated at about 550 yards. Much of the coal isworked on the long-wall method, and is of good quality.—D. T. A.] _

264 Firth, Barber, & Co., Oaks Colliery, Barnsley —Producers.

Coal for steam ships, for converting iron into steel, andfor smelting iron.

Coal for domestic fires, from the Oaks Colliery, Barns-ley , Yorkshire.

265 Cory, William, & William, jun., CommercialRoad —Manufacturers.

London -burnt coke, for locomotive and foundery pur-poses.

[Coke is the fixed residuum obtained by burning coalin enclosed furnaces, and is generally obtained by thecomplete combustion of the volatile part of the coal,though large quantities are also produced by the econo-mical distillation of coal in the manufacture of commongas. Coking on a large scale is performed in sets of ovensor furnaces of peculiar form, each charged every 48 hourswith from 2 to 4 tons of fresh coal. The dome of thefurnaces being heated (generally by the heat left since theprevious coking), the coal is lighted from the top by awisp of straw, all the doors and vents being open, andwhen in a state of combustion, the draught is so continuedas to produce a gradual and slow combustion of the wholemass from above downwards, the gases being consumed.The calcination lasts about 40 hours, and the coal loses20 to 25 per cent, of weight, but gains in about the sameproportion in bulk. The texture of coke is peculiar, anddetermines its value.]

266 Clarke, Robert Could well, the Executors ofSilkstone, near Barnsley —Producers.

Coal, from the old Silkstone Colliery, near Barnsley ,Yorkshire. 3

[The column of coal here exhibited is called peacockor iridescent coal, from the peculiar tints of colour whichit shows, and which appear to be generally the result ofsome action of water on the surface and between thenatural faces. This tarnish, rare in most collieries,appears to be particularly abundant in that fromwhich the above specimens are taken. It is not quiteclear whether it arises from a very thin film of foreignmatter deposited on its surface, or whether the mechani-cal condition of the surface itself (as in the case ofmother-of-pearl) produces the appearance of iridescence.—D. T. A.]

Models of corf, and set of tools, as used by colliers atwork in the mines, and in raising coal from the pits.

267 Nixon, John, & Co., Cardiff —Producers.

Merthyr and Cardiff steam coal, obtained from theWerfa colliery near Aberdare and Merthyr Tydvil. Thiscoal is used for steam purposes, more especially for steamships going long voyages. Its weight is 82*29 lbs. percubic foot; its specific gravity 1 *31. It is said to producevery little smoke. The following is the analysis of thiscoai as given in the Second Report of the Commissioners(Sir H. De la Beche and Dr. Lyon Playfair ) appointed byGovernment to test the coals suited to the Steam Navy;_