146
Class 1 .— MINING AND MINERAL PRODUCTS.South Side—Areas S. 1 to S. 27.
[United
Carbon.90-27
Hydrogen.4*12
Nitrogen, with traces of sulphur . 1'83
Oxygen.2*53
Ash. 1*25
100-00
268 Ince Hall Coal & Canned Company, Wigan —Proprietor.
Cannel coal, with various vases, manufactured of cannelcoal. The cannel coal yields 11-673 feet of gas per ton,which is composed of—
Light carburetted hydrogen.33"83
Carbonic acid.11-35
Olefiant gas and divers hydro-carbons. . 8’50
Atmospheric air.4*32
Carbonic oxide and aqueous vapour . . 1*53
Nitrogen.0-19
100-02
Specific gravity of gas . . 6*20
Coke per ton produced 13 cwt. 18 lbs.
Specimens of the Arley and Pemberton coal, sent by thesame exhibitors, will be found in the South Enclosure,beyond the western extremity of the Building.
[The Wigan coal-field is a portion of that known as theLancashire and Cheshire, or Manchester, great coal-field,which ranges nearly fifty miles in length, with a breadthof ten miles on an average. The productive coal area isthus nearly 400,000 acres, and is divided into three prin-cipal portions, of which the middle one includes thethick coal seams; and these are worked in various places,Wigan being not the least important. The principalcoals are a good caking coal (Arley main) and a veryvaluable bed of cannel; the former well adapted fordomestic purposes, the latter yielding a large quantity ofgas.
The total thickness of the carboniferous deposits isvery considerable; but the number of seams of coal islarge, and the thickness of many of them considerable.
The cannel is of fine quality, and takes a high polish,as seen in some of the specimens exhibited.—D. T. A.]
269 Ramsay, G. H., Derwent Ilaugh, 'Newcastle —Inventor.
Cannel coal, with carved specimens.
Coke, and sample of coal from which it is made.Samples of prepared manure, for different crops.
270 Mitchell, Rev. W., A.M., Woolwich —Inventorand Manufacturer.
Specimen of coal, or bituminous mineral.
Vase , from the same. Pillars, with statues of HerMajesty and Prince Albert .
Box, for holding postage stamps. Stamp for sealingletters. Railway or sea chessboard and men. Snuff-box,as made from raw material. Snuff-boxes, polished.Box with bracelets; another with backgammon men; andone with shirt buttons. Razor and knife hones.
The specimen of coal exhibited has recently been dis-covered near Edinburgh , and can be applied to the finearts. It is of a brownish colour, and ignites with facility:it does not soil the hands: and it admits of a brilliantpolish.
271 Russell, John, Risca , near Newport , Monmouthshire—Proprietor.
Specimen of black vein coal, raised at Risca, and ex-ported at Newport : the vein ranges from 9 to 16 feet inthickness, and is worked by pits at a depth of 144 yards.
Specimen of Risca rock vein coal: the vein ranges from4 to 5 feet in thickness, and is worked by pits at a depthof 100 yards.
Specimen of new black vein coal, raised at Cwm Tilery,and shipped at Newport ; the vein is about 5 feet in thick-ness, and is worked by pits at a depth of 130 yards: thiscoal is stated to be well adapted for steam vessels.
Argillaceous iron ores from the lower coal measures ofthe South Welsh basin, raised at Risca.
Fire-bricks manufactured at Risca.
272 Morgan, Richard, & Sons, Llanelly , Wales —Producers.
Stone-coal, or anthracite, from Cwm Amman, Llanelly,Geliy Ceidrim.
273 Coal Trade of Northumberland and Durham ,Newcastle-upon- Tyne —Producer .
Map of the coal-field of Durham and Northumberland ,showing the pits and railways, with the faults and otherremarkable interruptions.
Section of the coal-field, from and to given points,north and south; and a similar section from east to west.
Synopsis of the coal seams, in explanation of the mapand section.
Working plan of a colliery, exhibiting the system ofworking and ventilating the coal mines.
Various specimens of household, coking, manufactur-ing, and cannel coal.
Specimens of coal from the carboniferous limestoneformation of Northumberland .
Specimens of the strata and rocks of the coal formation.
Specimens of the strata and rocks of the carboniferouslimestone formation.
Specimens of coke.
Safety lamps, used in the Durham and Northumber-land colleries.
Drawings representing sections of Walbottle Collieryengine pit, in which the engines, pumps, &c., areshown.
[The Newcastle coal-field is estimated to contain upwardsof 360,000 acres of productive coal area in the county ofDurham, and nearly 150,000 in Northumberland . Ofthis 67,000 acres are now worked, and the average thick-ness of coal maybe regarded as 12 feet. An acre con-tains 4,840 square yards, and each cubic yard of coal isestimated to weigh a ton; so that it maybe consideredthat the coal-field has contained more than 10,000 mil-lions of tons of coal, of which about one-eighth part isprobably consumed, and the present annual consumptionmay be estimated at ten millions of tons, including thequantity destroyed and rendered unserviceable.
The maps and sections exhibited illustrate the condi-tion of the district and the details of the coal-field. Thequalities of coal are three: the common caking kinds,coarser kinds called splint coal, and cannel coal. They areall bituminous, but the proportions differ. The averagequantity of gas from the caking coals is about 8,000 cubicfeet per ton, the weight of coke being from 10 to 12 cwt.
The cannel coal has been much and profitably workedwithin the last few years, and yields a very much largerquantity of gas, amounting to 10,000 or 12,000 cubic feetthe ton.
The coal is worked in the Newcastle coal-field at a verygreat depth, exceeding in some cases 1,800 feet; and theareas worked from one set of pits are often very large,amounting to 500 or even 1,000 acres. The associatedbeds of the coal measures are grits and shales, and thereare many slips and faults, some of them very considerable.
The method of extracting the coal in the Newcastle coal-field is that called pillar-and-stall , which consists infirst working a certain proportion of the coal by opening