190

Class 2.— CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS.South Gallery.

[United

22 Mason, Charles, & Son, 11 Munster Street,

Regent’s Park —Manufacturers.

The royal premier blacking, shown on new calf-skin,blocked on large model of a foot; polished 12th Aprillast. The same on old calf leather; polished 29th Nov.,1850.

The French varnish, shown on ordinary calf leather.

The waterproof varnish, shown on cow-hide shootingboot and patent leather harness.

23 Hills, F. C., Deptford —Patentee and

Manufacturer.

Nitrate of potash (saltpetre), made by the decomposi-tion of muriate of potash (chloride of potassium) bynitrate of soda, a patent process; the muriate of potaslibeing obtained from sea-weed or kelp.

Dome of sal ammoniac, sublimed from rough muriate ofammonia, made from the ammoniacal liquid produced atgas works, by the addition of muriatic acid.

Cake of sesqui-carbonate of ammonia, or commonsmelling salts, sublimed from rough sesqui-carbonate ofammonia, made by the decomposition of sulphate ofammonia by carbonate of lime; the ammonia being pro-duced at gas-works.

[Nitrate of soda has lately assumed high commercialimportance from its value to the chemical manufacturer,and to the agriculturist as a manure for wheat. It isfound in immense quantities in South Peru, being ob-tained by lixiviation of the saline deposit in the soil, andis then evaporated and crystallized, dried and packed inbags, and conveyed to the coast by mules. In 1841, theimports of this article from Iquique amounted to173,884 quintals.

The term “kelp” is applied to the fused ashes ofseveral species of sea-weeds. The plants are collected,dried, and burnt, and the ashes form a melted mass, con-sisting of sulphates, carbonates, and chlorides of potashand soda, together with carbonate and sulphate of lime,alumina, and silica.—R. E.]

24 Hemingway, A. W., Portman Street —Producer.

Double salts of iron.

25 Ponting, Thomas Cadby, 32 High Street, Bristol —Inventor and Manufacturer.

Marking ink and illustrative specimen; for writing anddrawing on linen, silk, and cotton, without preparation.Shaving cream. Medicinal vegetable fluid extracts, madewith cold water.

26 Clifford, 0-., 5 Inner Temple Lane —Producer.Specimens of deeds, writings, books, maps, engravings,

&c., injured by fire, water, age, dirt, smoke, &c., in arestored and unrestored state.

The specimens exhibited show an indenture that wastaken from the ruins of the great fire at Lincoln’s Inn,January 14, 1849. The restored half, “ without havingbeen separated from the dirty half,” cleansed, andflexibility imparted to it: having become hard, horny,and brittle, from the effects of the fire and water, anyordinary attempt to open it would have broken it. Thewriting on it has sustained no inj ury by the process. Twoleaves of a book, two leaves of the “ Jurist ” newspaper,and portions of parchment taken from the same fire,which were injured by fire, water, &c., are exhibited,with the one-half of each cleansed; also the halvescleansed of a map and several engravings injured by age,smoke, mildew, water, and dirt, &c., the whole havingbeen previously in the dirty state.

27 Bramwell, Thomas, Heworth Chemical Worlis,

Newcastle-upon-Tyne —Manufacturer,

Crystals of prussiate of potass of commerce.Ferrocyanide of potassium of chemists, used for dyeingblue in place of indigo.

[Ferrocyanide of potassium is one of the most importantchemical products to the dyer and calico-printer. It isobtained on the large scale by fusing animal matter withcarbonate of potash and iron filings; cyanide, and sub-sequently ferrocyanide of potassium, are produced. Itscompound, formed on the addition of a salt of iron toferrocyanide of potassium, is of the most beautiful bluecolour, and is called Prussian blue.—R. E.]

28 Winsor & Newton, 38 Rathbone Place, and

North London Colour Works, Kentish Town —Manufacturers.

Artists’ pigments, in the raw and manufactured states,and in the various forms of preparation, for use in water-colour and oil painting, and in decorative art; includingmanufactures and preparations of the madder colours,cochineal, lapis lazuli, uranium, cadmium, chromium,and all the rarer kinds of chemical pigments.

Sable, badger, hog hair, and other brushes and pencilsemployed in drawing and painting.

Preparations of canvas, panels, millboard, apparatus,and boxes fitted for the use of artists. Palettes, and va-rious other implements and materials employed in thefine and decorative arts.

Oxide of zinc.

[Several of the rarer metals yield oxides, which formbrilliant pigments. Some of these are useful in enamelpainting, in consequence of their not undergoing alterationby the heat employed in that art. Oxide of zinc haslately been much employed as a substitute for whitelead.—B.. E.]

29 Fawcett, Benjamin, late of IS Snow Hill, and

7 Sumner Street, Southwark —Producer.

Plain and ornamental specimens in graining or flatting,produced by a kind of paint free from noxious effluvia,and adapted for purposes to which white lead may beapplied.

30 Cheshire , John, jun., Northwich —Manufacturer.

A pyramid of best table salt, with several other speci-mens of salt. The salt springs in Cheshire are thegreatest in Europe , and their annual production is up-wards of 800,000 tons of salt.

31 Spencer, John Alexander, 9 Westboume Place,Hyde Park —Manufacturer.

Case, containing chemical preparations:—Naphthaline (from coal-tar); sulphate of magnesia (Epsom salts);benzoic acid (prepared by sublimation); caffeine (pre-pared from coffee); hydriodate of quinine; samples ofcod-liver oil, 1849-50.

32 Watt, William, Dnnchattan Chemical Works,Glasgow —Manufacturer.

1. Sea-weed, collected dry on the sea-shore ; which isburned and converted into

2. Kelp ; which, on lixiviation, is crystallized for

3. Sulphate of potash ; and

4. Chloride of potassium; and

5. Carbonate of soda (crude).

The liquor is then decomposed by sulphuric acid, con-verting the iodides contained in the liquor into hydra-iodic acid; which, on oxidation and sublimation,

6. Iodine, is separated from it.

33 Picciotto, Moses Haim, 8 Crosby Square —Inventor and Manufacturer.

Specimens of decolorized and purified gum arabic, ob-tained by a patent chemical process. When dissolved,it forms a clear mucilage, and may be used for pharma-ceutical purposes, for confectionery, for dressing silks,lace, tulle, printing, &c.

Sample of the original gum arabic from which thespecimens were prepared.