Kingdom.]
191
Class 2.— CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS.South Gallery.
Specimen of ultramarine blue, for tlie first time manu -factured in London by Hochstaetter’s process.
Pure crystallized mannite, prepared in Italy , and usedfor medicinal purposes.
[Mannite is obtained from manna, the concrete juice ofa species of ash (Ornus Europma), by dissolving in hotalcohol and crystallizing. It is a peculiar variety ofsugar.—R. E.] _
34 Bullock, John Lloyd, 22 Conduit Street —Manufacturer.
A series of chemical products derived from substancesused as food or medicine.
35 Naylor, MTlj.tam, 50 James Sired, Oxford Street —Manufacturer.
Decorative copal varnish, made from Sierra Leone gum copal. White hard varnish, made of picked gumsanderach; and mastic varnish, made of picked gum mastic.
Specimens of deal wood, stained to imitate differentwoods, without sizing; calculated to endure exposure,and admit of polish or varnish. The novelty claimed isthe production of the stain without sizing.
36 Nissen & Parker, 43 Mark Lane —Inventors.
Specimens of tinted paper, chemically prepared in thepulp, for printing bank cheques upon. The chemicalpreparation renders any extraction of the writing by acidsor alkalis immediately apparent.
37 Bullock, Edward, & Co., Galway, Ireland —Producers.
Arran kelp, muriate, nitrate, chlorate, and sulphate ofpotash.
Sulphate of soda, pure sulphur, commercial iodine,pure sublimed iodine, iodide of potash, iodide of lead,biniodide of mercury.
Preparations from sea-weed.
38 Spurgin, T., Saffron Walden — Producer,
Root , stem, flower, and stigmata of saffron.
[This plant is said to have been brought to England inthe reign of Edward III. It was first planted at Walden ,in Essex, a town to which it afterwards gave its name asa prsenomen.]
39 Hawthorne, James, 77 Charrington Street —Inventor.
A new ink for staining oak and mahogany. Specimenof a common oak stave, cut in pieces, and stained variousshades of colour. A stained mahogany frame.
40 Hall, Josiah, Queenborough — Producer.
. Specimen of copperas, from the works at Queenborough ,m the Isle of Slieppey, with specimens of pyrites and ofcopperas in a granulated form. It is used in dyeing andin the composition of colours, and, in its new and granu-lated form, may be used for purifying gas. The pyritesare found on the shore of the north-east side of the IsleofSheppey; about eight tons are produced weekly. Thegranulated form is claimed as the peculiar merit of thespecimen; it is effected by a refrigerator, and is used fordry mixing.
River copperas has hitherto been objected to as beingcrystallized in a soft and imperfect manner: the presentspecimen is freed from such defects by a strict attentionto the copperas bed.
[Copperas is chemically an impure protosulphate ofnon, and is obtained commercially by the decompositiono iron pyrites, or bi-sulphuret of iron, by atmosphericoxygen and water which is poured upon the beds.—
41 Hopkin & Williams, 5 New Cavendish Street —
Manufacturers.
Pure tannin.
Crystallized chromic acid.
Benzoate of ammonia.
Bin-iodide of mercury.
Pure aconitine, used in neuralgic affections.
Valerianate of zinc, iron, quinine, bismuth, and of ironand quinine.
Cardole, said to be a new and powerful vesicating agent.
Bromoform , per-bromide of formyle, a new anaestheticagent said to be of greater power than chloroform.
Dutch liquid, chloride of olefiant gas, a new anaestheticagent, said to be less irritating than chloroform.
Iodoform, periodide of formyle.
Pyrogallic acid, used in photography.
Cyanuret of potassium.
Citrate of iron and quinine.
Sulphate of iron and quinine, a new and powerful tonic.
Arseniate of soda, containing 15 atoms of water.
Kreatine, from the juice of the flesh.
Iodide of iron and quinine.
[Tannin (tannic acid) is obtained from nut-galls, andexists in the bark of all the oak tribe. It is the activeagent of the barks used in the art of tanning, forminginsoluble compounds with the components of the skins ofanimals (leather), which it preserves from putrefaction.
Chromic acid is a compound of the metal chromiumand oxygen of a fine red colour: it parts readily with halfits oxygen, and hence is a powerful oxidizing and bleach-ing agent. The salts of chromic acid are termed chro-mates, they are chiefly of a yellow colour; the chromatesof baryta, strontia, and lead are beautiful yellow pig-ments much used in distemper and oil painting andprinting.
Aconitine is a poisonous vegetable alkaloid, obtainedfrom aconite (wolfstane, monkshood); it is used as aremedy in neuralgia.
Valerianic acid (valeric acid) is a volatile acid belong-ing to the same class as acetic acid: it is obtained byoxidizing hydrated oxide of amyle (oil of potato spirit),as acetic acid (vinegar) is obtained by oxidizing hydratedoxide of ethyle (alcohol). It exists ready formed in thearomatic root of the Valeriana officinalis, from which it isobtained by distillation with water. Valerianates (va-lerate) are compounds of valerianic acid with bases.Used as a nervous stimulant.
Formyle is a compound of carbon and hydrogen: itbears the same relation to wood spirit (hydrated oxide ofmethyle), as acetyle does to ordinary alcohol (hydratedoxide of ethyle): it is the radical of formic acid, as acetyleis of acetic acid. Its compounds with iodine and bromineare iodoform and bromoform.
Dutch liquid (oil of the Dutch chemists, olefiant gas)is the hydrochlorate of chloride of acetyle: it is obtainedby mixing equal volumes of moist chlorine gas and ole-fiant gas.—W. D. L. R.]
[Pyrogallic acid is obtained by heating the dried ex-tract of gallnuts, when it is collected by sublimation. Inphotography it is employed in extremely minute quanti-ties. The pictures come out without requiring to bedeveloped by a second wash. But the action of thisagent is so energetic that it is extremely difficult tomanage. A solution of the proto-nitrate of iron pos-sesses similar properties for the use of the photographer.—R. E.]
42 Bower, J., Munslet, Leeds — Manufacturer.
Carbonate of soda, containing 59 parts soda, and 41 car-bonic acid, particularly adapted for scouring wool orwoollens, as it removes grease without injuring the animalfibre.
P 2