Kingdom.]

Class 6.— MANUFACTURING MACHINES AND TOOLS.

North Areas A. B. 10 to 31; C. D. E. 1 to 10, & 19 to 33 ; G. H. 25, 26.

28.3

travels with the tapes, and the sheet is thus conveyedfrom one paper cylinder to the other : in the course of itsprogress, the sheet is turned over, receiving one printedimpression on one side from the first form, and the secondimpression on the other side of the sheet from the secondform; and as the tapes leave the second cylinder theydivide, and the printed sheet falls into the hands ofanother hoy.

The machines are commonly known as “ Applegathand Cowper’s machines.”

[Mr. Napier’s machine differs from Applegath andCowper’s: his machine is described in a separate article.In 1827, Cowper and Applegath jointly invented the four-cylinder machine, which Applegath erected for printingthe “ Times ” newspaper. It at once superseded Koenig’smachines, which were taken down. This machine printedfrom 4,000 to 5,000 impressions per hour. The diagram[''ill give a general idea of these machines, which are stillm use at the “ Times ” office. They consist of a table,moved backwards and forwards under four iron cylinders[called the paper cylinders), about 9 inches in diameter,w hich are covered with cloth, and round which thesheets of paper are held between tapes. The form ishxed on one part of the table, the inking rollers lying onanother part, on which they distribute the ink. Some ofthese rollers are placed in a diagonal position on the table,so that, as it moves backwards and forwards, they have amotion in the direction of their length, called the “ endmotion,” which, combined with the rotatory motion,causes the ink to be more effectually distributed. Theln k is held in a reservoir or trough formed of an iron[oiler, called the ductor, against which the edge of an11 °n plate rests, and, by its pressure, regulates thefinantity of ink given out. The ink is conveyed from theuetor-roller to the table by means of an elastic rollerVibrating between them. The feeding is performed by four

layers-on,” who lay the sheets of paper on the feedingcards, whence they enter the machine between three pairs°f tapes, by which they are conveyed round the cylinders,mtd thence to the spot where the “takers-off” stand,mto whose hands the sheets fall as the tapes separate.

The last great improvement in rapid printing was in-dented by Mr. Applegath, in May 1848, when he erectedat the “ Times ” office two vertical cylinder machines,each producing 10,000 sheets per hour.]

^nttRca & Goddard, Birmingham — Manufacturers,a ml a r De ^ or catting cardboards into cards for printing600 Purposes, capable of cutting from 300,000 to

G a®.cards per day, by the labour of one person,card a ° une I 01 ' manufacturing railway tickets, or printedand It cuts, prints, numbers eonsecutively, counts,

"'aste.

about eighty tickets per minute, without

Machine for dating railway tickets. It gives a cleara nd distinct impression, which is intended to prevent the“npleasant disputes which frequently occur at railwaystations, in consequence of the illegibility of the date onpassengers’ tickets.

cab Taylor, W., Nottingham—Designer and, . Manufacturer.

Machine for forming hemispherical paper shades froma t discs of paper. Ornamental paper work, &c.

1^8 Black, James, Edinburgh —Manufacturer.

Patent folding machine.

140 Whitakeb, Richard, Bury St. Edmunds — Inventoi.

1 atent bookbinding press, for rolling the backs of books,uttmg the edges, and impressing the ornaments on the

back, intended to supersede the hammering process.Printers’ types may be used. Manufactured by Messrs.Mordan and Son, City Road, London .

142 Straker, Samuel, 80 Bishopsgate Street Within —Manufacturer.

Side-lever lithographic press, fitted with improvedregistering machine, and adapted for every descriptionof colour printing.

144 Brewer, C. & W., Malcolm Works, Larkhall Lane,Clapham —Patentees, Inventors, and Manufacturers.

Plain ring and plain laid pattern dandy rollers formaking endless paper.

Patent bank note moulds, of various patterns, formalcing notes by hand and vat.

Watered pattern moulds for fancy writing paper, madeby hand and vat. Angular moulds for making paper forenvelopes. Autograph moulds for paper making.

Bundle of paper made from the moulds and rollers, toillustrate.

146 Ransomes & May, Ipswich — Manufacturers.

Model of patent excavator, for railways or canals.Henry Potter Burt, London , proprietor.

Models of improved apparatus and machinery, for pre-paring timber with creosote. Exhaust-pump. Force-pump. Tank for the solution. Steaming and heatingapparatus. Moveable tramway and crab, for loading andunloading the cylinder.

The timber to be prepared is loaded on trucks, anddrawn inside the cylinder ; the cover is then closed, andthe air-pump employed to exhaust the cylinder, andextract the sap or moisture from the timber. The air-pump is then disengaged, and a sluice valve communi-cating with a reservoir opened, which charges the cylinderwith creosote, previously heated to 120 J Fahr. Force-pumps are then employed, which work, until the timberin the cylinder has been saturated with from 7 to 10 lbs.of oil per cubic foot; this is found to be a sufficientquantity to effectually prevent decay, from the attacksof the “Teredo navalis, ” &c.

Leggatt’s Queen press, with self-inking apparatus.

Shavings of iron.

148 Pope, Thomas, & Co., 56 St. Paul’s Square,Birmingham —Manufacturers.

Screw press (called the “ Lion Press ”), for embossingpaper, &c.

Screw press, with an arm, a substitute for a double-sided press.

A small powerful lever press, called “ The Model,” forembossing paper with dies up to one inch diameter; onlyby 2 j inches base; height 3^ inches; weight 2 f lbs.

“ The Cornucopia ” lever press for the same and otherpurposes, with dies 15 inch diameter.

The portable desk press ; base 5 J by 2§ inches diameter.

Large quarto screw copying press of improved construc-tion, the pillars and beams being in one solid piece.

A small quarto screw copying press.

A folio screw copying press.

150 Cobb, T., 19 Portugal Street, Lincoln’s Inn —Manufacturer.

Working model of iron printing press, with improve-ments by the exhibitor.

151 Harris, C., Shalford, near Guildford —Inventor andManufacturer.

Fly press, for stamping envelopes, note paper, &c., incolours. On the fly-spindle is fixed an inclined plane togive motion to the force spindle, which carries the forceor die. On the top is a tooth wheel, which gives motionto other wheels for the colouring apparatus.