UNITED STATES.

1465

cream toward the centre; it ia there met by moveablefloats, which, when revolving, stand open, and cause thecream to move outward; these various and contrarymotions so agitate it that the butter is soon produced.In order to gather and work the butter, the dasher isreversed. _

494 Trttesdaee, Jacobs, & Co., New York .

Samples of cotton.

49 5 Coumefo.ro & Redgate, New York —Manufacturer.Light cane chairs.

496 Rodgers, H. A, New York —Proprietor.

Two velocipedes.

497 Howe, David W., New York — Proprietor.

Dr. S. P. Townsend’s extract of sarsaparilla. It is ex-tracted from the root without heat, by a process said tobe peculiar to the discoverer.

498 Baker, J. B., Boston —Maker.

Specimens of harness.

499 Jewett, S. W., Middlebury , Vermont .

Sample of Indian corn, twelve-rowed variety, yellow;

and a sample of Yermont products.

500 Kihbee, A. M., & Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania .Specimens of fine wool.

501 M'Henry, James, Philadelphia .

Specimen of soapstone.

[Soapstone is known to mineralogists by the termsteatite. It is found in abundance in many parts of Ame-rica . It is chemically a hydrated silicate of magnesia,with a little alumina and oxide of iron. Its peculiargreasy feel lias been the origin of the name of soapstone.— K. E.] _

502 ' Herrick, J. K., New York .

An assortment of account books.

503 Clawson, II. ST., Michigan .

Excelsior soap.

504 Pinktts, Henry, 448 West Strand —Inventor.

Plans and models illustrating a variety of principles of

locomotion invented by the exhibitor.

1st. The Pneumatic Canal Tramway, and for propulsionof vessels on canals and rivers, without action on wateras the impelling medium. Invented in 1825, Compara-tive plan by steam propulsion 1846. Patented.

2nd. The Atmospheric Railway, invented in 1830, andas applied on the Dalkey , Croydon, South Devon, andParis and Versailles Railway. Patented.

3rd. Comparative systems, invented in 1844, dispensingwith the long valve. Patented.

4th. The Atmospheric Locomotive Railway, inventedin 1834, and constructed in 1836, for the alternate orcombined working of both the latter systems, exhibitingthe varied. methods invented in 1844, adapting a singleline of tube to supply power on a double line of railway,with reservoir-main to husband power, avoid leakage, anddispensing with stationary steam. Engines and the useof air-pumps. Patented.

5th. Ocean propulsion, machinery and method ofobtaining auxiliary propelling power, in sailing-ships, bythe combined action of waves and the motion of the vessel.Patented.

6th. Exemplification of a new system of agriculture,showing the means of performing the mechanical opera-tions of tillage, as ploughing, harrowing, drilling, dibbling,sowing, reaping, mowing, or, in lieu thereof, digging, pul-verising and sifting the soil, trenching, laying drains,

filling in and rolling, by stationary steam and auxiliaryatmospheric power. Patented.

7th. The Electro-magnetic Railway Train Controller,for preventing collision of trains during fogs at night, orby day, fighting a railway, by intermitting electric lights,from stationary or moving batteries, and establishing tele-graphic communication between trains, in rapid motion,or between guards and engine-drivers, and uniting sta-tionary batteries with existing telegraphs. Patented.

8th. Exemplification of a new method of working minesand quarries.

Advantages .—By the first, second, third, and fourth ofthese inventions, are seen the advances in improvement.In the public use of the second, inconveniences arose fromthe material and construction of the long valve, which isneutralized in the third method, by dispensing with it,and the substitution of a flexible diaphragm of vulcanisedIndia-rubber, the prevention of leakage and husbandingpower results.

The fourth method being an atmospheric locomotivesystem, in which a single line of tube suffices for a doubleline of railway. The amount of power is independent ofthe diameter of the tube; no piston moves in a propellingtube. A train moves under the action, in motive force,of two fixed stations simultaneously; avoidance of muchfriction in a long rapid column of air results. Locomotivepower is doubled on inclines without enlarging tube.Steam-engines, and the use of air-pumps, are avoided, andrarefaction is effected by a combination with condensingreservoir method; the movement of the train is forwardsand backwards, as with steam locomotives. The formersystem is rendered as flexible, on long fines, as the latter.The cost of constructing and working a line of railway onthe atmospheric locomotive system is only one-half that ofthe Croydon and South Devon practice; the speed is un-limited ; and there is much greater safety than with thesteam locomotive system.

The fifth invention is a practical method of gainingpropulsion, in sailing ships on the ocean by rarefaction orcompression of air, the latter used expansively in kelsonreservoirs ; pumping action by long levers, with buoyantfloats at their ends, displacing two tons of water, andgiving that pumping force at the end of each lever 35 feetfrom fulcrum: 80 horse-power obtainable, in a ship 600tons burthen. The burthen of a ship, in oscillating motion,is the initial motive force. Rotatory engine and screwpropeller, the better mode of arrangement, Cost , firstconstruction, no maintenance, except wear and tear.

The sixth invention is a method, by fixed motive power,to effect tillage. Advantages—mechanical operations per-formed at one-third the ordinary cost. Spade labour bymachinery. A more complete and careful tillage, in-ducing a larger production from any given area of field.Cheap facility in drainage. Cost for permanent works.Outlay for 30 years equal to from 31. to 4 1. per acre.

The seventh of these inventions is a method, by com-paratively inexpensive means, of preventing the collisionof railway trains, whether in fogs at night or by day, andestablishing telegraphic communication between trains inrapid motion, and between guards and drivers. Thebatteries are stationary or moveable. Electric wires arelaid in sections of three-quarters of a mile or more oninsulated surfaces. The batteries being constantly inaction, the electric circuit can only be completed whenthe electro-magnetic communicators of two locomotivesget on to the same section of wires. The electric circuitis thus made complete. The electric force gives motionto a rotatory instrument, winch sounds the steam whistle,shuts off the steam, and, by action on an escapement,gives gravity to the levers of breaks to stop the rear train,which can only move on again when the preceding trainarrives on to another section of wires. The line of waymay be so regulated as that a train shall not approach,during night or a fog, nearer than half or three-quartersof a mile, whilst the police of a line have the power ofstopping a train on any section. This invention affordssafety to life and property in railway transit.

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