CAT

117

CAT

i n ° ^® a< ^ °f our Lord at his crucifixion, the lower symboliz-

cross-piece on which the arms were extended. It

n° t 111 some cathedrals that the eastern extremity is

Wer e . sa . me line with the nave, hut bent on one side, as iti nc li ’ . ns is explained in a similar manner as marking thethe w a *° n ^ le l leai -l °i' our Lord while on the cross. Attow er g 8t 6n< ^ tPe nave > on each sid e of it, were situated thesep t s ’n antl anot her at the intersection of the nave and tran-sornet a ^ ^^ioh were in some cases surmounted with spires;

but it B ? es t ^ 1 ' s a( l c lition was restricted to the western towers,Usual] 18 ^ re( l uen tly omitted altogether, when the towers areWith h 0ari ' e( l to a greater elevation. At Exeter, we meetWith 6 towei ‘s forming the transept, and at PeterboroughInter,, 01 ] 1 ] 6 at ^e northern extremity of the west transept,the ce a ^ t ^ le nave an( I choir are divided into three aisles,trijjn-.. fa one being carried up above the others. This• tlte division ' '

up

seldom carried

out in the transepts,

tvhi c h 1

and o’ ° Wever , we sometimes find one aisle as at Durham ,aisl es 0Illet imes two as at Westminster and Bristol. Theitn Iri „ , a . re separated from the body of the church by an arcade,body , latel y above which the vaulting commences; in the

°ria.

between the arcade and vaulting, are inter-stories, the lower one consisting of a gallery calledarcad e ’ °I lenin g into the nave and choir by means of a smalland tlie 31111 su f ) P° se( l t0 have been appropriated to the nuns ;file w; n j Up P er > termed the clere-story, in which were placedIn Batb °c a ^° r the central avenue of the church,

applied V atae dral, the triforia are omitted, and their placeb y a string-course.

Sa retner t ° X ' ma ^ on t° the proportions of the different mea-as f 0 ] lo 1 s °f cathedral churches is given by Brown Willis,nave 8 ' The height is generally equal to the breadth ofla teriued -an< ^ a Lles; the cross, in which the transepts and°f the -wn 51 ] 6 s P ace are contained, is extended half the length^Ual half u ^ a hric, as is likewise the nave ; the side-aislesa 'ul tovy er ] breadth and height of the nave, and the spiresa av e a., i , ave a mean proportion between the length of theTl,g a d b tllat °I the transept.

Stril cti otl °J e description will give a general idea of the con-duced ] t ° ? ur cathedrals; but from the exceptions already*° a U buii,r Vl ^ Pe understood that no rule applies invariablyc aseg simji H1 ° s the kind ; for although the plans are in allS y s tetu a j.j c ar> an( l the arrangement of the parts of the edificec °Py of „ ’ 7 et we find not one cathedral in any respect aW e not ber.

? f ibis P roceed to give some account of the edifices, v e 2i : Preserved to us in the present day, of which we*3 i n c n England,

ln Scoif J ( a S land > and 4 in Wales . There were also° er alr ea ^ ana ’ an d 22 in Ireland . In addition to the num-^fitedral q mentioned, we have in England one modernj. arch at haul’s, London ; besides which the collegiate‘gnity 0 £. anchester has recently been elevated to thejucted f or _ ls b°p’s see; but as the latter was never con-

, , su cb a purpose,eluded with the

we doothers

not

as

think it can bean architectural

°win

ln ch

T,

8 13 an account of the erections of cathedral

Ui vnuAiCUAtti

w ui tuv them arranged

m England, and additions made to them,w d °U 70 P ® Fi 1 0d ,. of the Anglo-Normat^iO^between^'066

^^S^’^P^and^thefirsTsixteen yearsCat bedr f'Cc'bute the western front and nave ^ t ] 1Q

eboij. of ’ t ^ le n ave, north aisle, and the c aa P , 0 fExl r ° f at Gloucester; the original substructure^

a S edra1 ’ Witk itS transe P, t3an< [ r r ua V ] f that atatia transept of Winton cathedral; the nave u

2 H

Chichester ; the north transept of that at Ely; the choir ofPeterborough cathedral ; the oldest part of the western frontand central tower of that at Lincoln ; the central church ofDurham , excepting the additional transept on the east; thenave and tower of Norwich ; and many arches of Worcester cathedral.

In the period between 1170 and 1220, including the latterpart of the reign of Henry II., and the reigns of Richard I. and John, the older Ladye chapel and chapter-house of Bris-tol were erected ; as were likewise the choir and roundtower (called Becket’s Crown) at Canterbury ; the nave andchapter-house at Oxford ; the nave and choir of Norwichcathedral ; the western towers at Ely; the transepts ofPeterborough ; the presbytery, Chichester ; the transept,tower, and choir of that at Hereford ; the nave and choir ofWells cathedral (begun) ; and the chapter-house of Chester.

In the period between 1220 and 1300, including thereigns of Henry III. and part of Edward I. , were erectedthe nave and arches beyond the transept of Lincoln cathe-dral ; the north and south transepts of York minster ; thechoir and transept, Rochester ; an additional transept to thecathedral of Durham ; the tower and whole western front ofthat of Wells ; the choir at Carlisle ; the presbytery andsouth transept at Ely; the transept and choir at Worcester ;and the whole of Salisbury cathedral.

In the period between 1300 and 1400, including the latterpart of the reign of Edward I., and the reigns of Edward II. and III. and Richard II., the nave and choir of Exetercathedral were erected ; and that at Lichfield was builtuniformly; additions were made to the central tower at Lin-coln ; the nave of Worcester cathedral was built, as were thenave, choir, and western front of York minster ; also thetransepts at Canterbury and Gloucester ; the spire and towerat Norwich ; the spire and additions to Salisbury cathedral ;the cloistera were begun at Gloucester; the nave and choirwere erected at Bristol, as well as the spire and choir atChichester; our Lady’s chapel at Ely; and the chapter-house and cloisters (now destroyed) at Hereford.

In the period between 1400 and 1460, including the reignsof Henry IV. , V., and VI., were erected the choir of Glou-cester cathedral; the nave of that of Canterbury; BishopBeckington’s addition to Wells cathedral ; and that of Lin-coln, from the upper transept to the great east window.

In the period between 1460 to 1547, viz., from the reignof Edward IV. to the end of that of Henry VIII. , wereerected our Lady’s chapel at Gloucester ; the roof of thechoir of Oxford cathedral; the choir of that of Chester;Alcocke’s chapel at Ely; the Ladye chapel, Peterborough ;the north porch, Hereford ; and the exterior of the choir atWinchester.

The following particulars respecting the English Cathe-drals are extracted principally from the works of Brittonand Dallaway:—

Peculiarities.

Bath —The unusual height of the clere-story.

Bristol —Had no nave, the present choir being formed out ofthe Ladye chapel.

Canterbury —The grand entrance is under the south tower.The marble columns of the choir with Romanesque capi-tals, and the octangular chapel called Becket’s crown.Chester —Extraordinary size of the south transept.

Chichester —Double aisles to nave, and detached campanile atits north-west angle.

Durham —The chapel of our Ladye placed at the east end asa second transept; the Galilee placed before, and distinctfrom the fa§ade.

Ely —A single western tower connected with the nave;—the