CAT
120
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niches, statues, and other embellishments; the upper partof this splay is of course of an arched form, and the tympanumover the door-head is frequently filled with large groups ofsculpture. The upper half of the fagade is occupied by acircular or rose window of great magnitude. This arrange-ment is frequently carried out in the ends of the transepts.Further we have to notice the apsidal forms of the east end,the numerous chapels surrounding the choir, and the greatheight of the roof, which in France is in a great measureconcealed by lofty parapets, but in Germany , where it iseven more lofty, is left exposed. Internally, the foreignstructures are remarkable for the great height of the bodyand aisles, and simplicity of the vaulting; for the apsidaltermination with its vaulted roof, and the size of the rosewindows of the nave and transepts. The body of the build-ing is frequently divided laterally into five parts, having acentral nave with a double aisle on each side of it.
The following cathedrals are remarkable for their—
Entrance Porches —Rheims, Strasburg, and Rouen .
Towers and spires —Strasburg, Mechlin, Antwerp , HI®*Cologne, Friburg, Louvain, and Vienna . The heigh*of that of Strasburg is 550 feet ; that of Louvain (no" rfallen) 533 feet; and that of Vienna , 465 feet. Strf-S'burg, Friburg , and Constance, are noted for their sph' e3of open work or pierced tracery.
The cathedrals of Freidburgh and Frankenburgh h® vethe nave and aisles of the same height, and that of Freidburg 1has the side aisles nearly as wide as the nave. St. LorenzoNuremburgh, has a choir loftier than the nave, and t* 1cathedral at Worms is celebrated for its two choirs. . .
S. Peter’s, Rome , is the most spacious cathedral, after whicfollow those of Cologne and Milan, of which the formernever been completed; it was commenced in the middlethe thirteenth century, but the choir is the only portion towas finished, the nave is carried up only half its intendheight. This building, if entire, would be perhaps the in °magnificent cathedral in existence, but there seems bn* ^remote probability of its completion : it is said to be adorn e ^with 4,973 pinnacles, 576 statues, 128 windows, 160 A)' 1 ”®buttresses, 104 pillars, and 9 entrances, while Milan bo®®of 4,400 statues, and 160 columns of white marble.
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Aisles.
Transept.
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Name ofCathedral.
c
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Length.
Breadth.
Height.
Length.
Breadth.
Height.
Breadth.
Height.
Length.
Breadth.
Breadth
fagade
rt ’pop c>
« g
rt
a
rt
© £
E a©
©
415
220
42
132
130
42
129
18
180
42
150
210
230
'378*
221
253
296
140
48
76
118
36
17
113
224
376
222
46
108
114
46
21
195
40
103
...
d Notre Dame.
492
244
42
157
38
...
439
38
lib
22
150
93
140
93
408
90
164
93
532 2
416
244
34
100
102
130
240
360
53-2
373
490
500
...
230
466
532
- - t
160
160
80
250
_
432
399
86
...
Ulm .r..
416
. . .
140
_
166
491
132
139
294
463
493
279
32
283
197
356
Rome—S. Peter
669
...
...
442
...
396
432
“Has two western towers.b Has two western towers, and a central one.c 1 With spire. Has doublo aisles round choir.d Has double aisles of equal dimensions, with
galleries over them. The south rose windowis 45 feet 6 inches in diameter.e Has two western towers.f 2 With spire.
£ Ladye chapel 62 feet long.h With spires. 0 d ***
1 Has double aisles continued all rchurch.
k Exterior dome.
CATHERINE WHEEL, a large ornament in the uppercompartment of the windows of Gothic structures ; of acircular outline, filled interiorly with a rosette, or radiatingdivisions, and beautifully variegated.
Catherine-wheel windows are supposed to have beenborrowed from our continental neighbours, in the 14thcentury. In foreign cathedrals, such windows are of enor-mous magnitude, and of frequent occurrence ; as they arecommonly met with, not only in the end walls of the transept,as with us, but also in the western fagade immediately abovethe entrance. There is a very fine one in the cathedral ofRheims; and in the great church of St. Ouen, at Rouen ,are two; one of which, of great diameter, is called la rose.Winchester cathedral has likewise a very large one; but itis still exceeded by one at Cheltenham, in Gloucestershire.
in e» c '
Tn St. Peter’s church, Westminster, there is onetransept. -th e(
CATHETUS, a line falling perpendicularly upon a 11line or surface. . is 3
Catiietus, in architecture, according to VitruvW > 0 tright line drawn perpendicularly from the underline of the sima-inversa at each flank of the Ionic to the centre of the eye of each volute. It must,be remarked, that the cathetus drawn in this mann >
not apply to all ancient examples of this order.
CATTLE "SHED," or Cattle House," in rural eC °^’
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an erection for the purpose of containing cattle while -or otherwise. In order to make the feeding of catttageous, it is most important that the cattle sheds s
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placed in the most convenient situations with resp e
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