CH A
143
CH A
^firicg of a •
th e 8 , one or more priests, daily saying or singing mass forCha s °f the donors, and such others as they appointed,and ai’ NTRIES ’ are a ^ so sma ^ chapels attached to a church,more" f Som etimes external additions to the church; butc Wch requen %> especially in cathedrals and the largerthe bod S ’ erect ' ons within it; they are separated off fromand ^ °{ *he church by screens of open work surroundingP r °vid j losi . n o the tombs of the founders, and are usuallyas pi s „- Wlt ' 1 an altar at the east, with its appendages, suchhe***. au mbry, &c. Many beautiful specimens are tothe mo t ln 0ur cathedral and abbey churches, and amongstttenr v \rrT St ^ ma y be enumerated those of Henry V. andknown p ' a *" "Westminster, the latter of which is, as is welld\ r ind s ’ ° £ reat s ' ze and magnificence; of Edward IV . atM'aynj, r ’ °P Edward II . at Gloucester ; and of BishopsCHAPr Beauf °rt, ar,q Wykeham at Winchester.
°rdi na(e EL, a small detached building for divine service, sub-Whidj ^ -°’ an< ^ usua lly dependent on, the parish church, fromit, 8 Uc j i ^distinguished by the fewer privileges belonging to°fth
e ln g no proper priest attached, or being deprived
ap ' Ve ^ having baptism administered within it.
’ is also a building adjoined to a church, as a part
o r
•"ttApr
other
Chapiters with Sculptures, are those that are adornedwith foliage and other carved ornaments ; the finest yetinvented is the Corinthian capital.
CHAPLET, a small ornament cut into olives, beads, &c.;a sort of fillet.
CHAPTER-HOUSE (from capitulum) a place belongingto a cathedral, or collegiate church, wherein the assembliesof the clergy were held.
The greater number of chapter-houses were connected withthe cloisters of the church to which they belonged, by whichmeans they were approached from the church ; but, at Wells,York, and Litchfield, they are adjacent to the north transept,in the first case being considerably elevated above the levelof the church; they are seldom found westward of the tran-sept. The earlier of these edifices, dating of the eleventhand twelfth centuries, are in plan parallelogramic, termina-ting sometimes toward the east in a semicircle, as at DurhamCathedral ; at later periods we find them octangular orpolygonal, while that of Worcester is circular internally, withten sides on the exterior. In elevation the walls are supportedby buttresses—that of Lincoln with flying buttresses—withone or more windows between each pair, the whole beingcovered in the later instances, with a very high-pitched roofgathering from each side of the building, and terminatingin a point at its apex. Below the windows, in the interior,runs a continuous seat or bench-table, backed with a seriesof niches or arcades, and at the east end, facing the entrance,stand three stone seats, usually of greater elevation than therest, appropriated to the superior members of the chapter.The ceiling is more frequently vaulted. Among theearlier specimens may be enumerated Durham , probablythe oldest, parallelogramic, with circular east end ; Gloucester,Bristol, Oxford, Chester, Canterbury, and Exeter, all ofwhich are rectangular. The first variation seems to havebeen at Worcester , which is circular within and decagonalwithout; the vaulting of the interior being supported bya central pillar and brackets in the side-walls. Of theremainder, Lincoln has ten sides, the vaulting supported bya central column and flying buttresses, which last appendageforms its peculiarity ; Wells, Lichfield , Salisbury, and York,only eight sides, the vaulting sustained, as in the previousexamples, that of York only excepted, where the vaultingis carried across the building in a single span of forty-sevenfeet. Wells chapter-house is erected over a crypt, a pecu-liarity which it shares with that of Westminster ; that ofLichfield , although octangular, has two of its opposite sidesof longer dimensions than the others, in which respect it isperfectly unique; while that of Salisbury is perhaps of allspecimens the most beautiful.
The subjoined List op Chapter-Houses in England,(from Britton’s valuable works,) may be found useful.Rectangular .
Date 1142 ; adjoins S. transept; approached from cloister by a vestibule; vaulted roof.
N. of transept; entrance from cloister; vaulted roof with wood and tracery; large E. andW. windows.Very lofty entrance from cloister; arched roof.
Date 1133; semicircular end; taken down.
Temp. Henry II ; S. of transept; entrance from cloister.
Lower part about 1230—upper part 1427.
One side remains; and joins S. transept with slyp between.
Early pointed.
About 1150 ; separated from 8. transept by passage.
Before 1200; 140 feet diameter including buttresses.
About 1200 ; large vestibule.
Temp. Henry III. ; octagon; central column; over cryptOver crypt; small vestibule.
Decagon; fragment remaining.
S. of transept ; entered from cloister ; vestibule ; about 1260.
Connected with N. transept by vestibule ; vaulted roof, of wood.
C.i _
hereof k ’
the ]>’ . a j'’ ln g only a desk, &c. to read prayers in, and, inhvtt wj t j s " churches, an altar, &c. to celebrate mass on ;
'■The gj 0 '?* an y baptistry or font.
^ !lCtl bricl lteen chapels on the sides of King’s College chapel,' v < 4 te or j° e ’ are formed between the buttresses ; most of thems *de 0 f S' n ally provided w ith a ]t ars : those on the southc °lleg e ma gnificent building, are appropriated to the
si °n Si an ^ Us ’° the Reformation, nearly all castles, palaces, man-ch apel 8 . ipj S>°us establishments, were provided with private1 le e ntir e .pg 6 Were either detached buildings, or portions ofCij 4Pe ^ ’nee constructed and set apart for sacred purposes.• a hci ent ’ p 0 ^ en °tes the deep recesses made in the wallsp ot her\via 1 ** Ces ’ anc * ’ s °h a s ' ra ilar signification to whata hth eon j® called exhedree, by Yitruvius ; thus the Romana ° lre spon<p aS sev ® n chapels in its circumference, tlie entrythe sifT” t0 . w * iat otherwise might have been the eighth;re hill of ?> S *he courts of the great temple at Balbec\v- Ul t °f this t e * 8 ’ 0r ex ^ e( ^ rce - Those of the rectangulard Uil cii’cul. tem P Ie > an T those of the Pantheon, are alternatedq? 0r ated \v- r t k an< * re ctangular plans, and most elegantlyemf 8 ® I hieirp, 1 i qolutnns in the front towards the interior,of 0 u ar recess at the end of the basilica, and at theiimut - ■ often denominated
" a Pel. o' n . 10st ancient churches, is
s Gtue S) ar !ll ' a Er recesses in ancient edifices, lor containingAlHu'l^cotohiated shrines, or niches.c ' Ai ER, the
Bristol •••Cft.uvmwm't
Gusvscs»tww
Duautos.
CaustEft
Oxvown.
V.xltll.
’Vtracus.svEB.
1A.J04DMS-.-
\X owcrsttJ.Vmcov.n ••lACWnEABW ESrmwsTE*.
Vi tL14 .
IVtWETOMS&xuusuwt...Noms..
iT ERa ^ l he same as Capital, which see.
°i'nain VlTIi m °™>ings, are those without foliage,ents , as the Tuscan and Doric capitals.
> as
the
Tuscan
and
Length.
Ext.
Breadth. Height,lnt. Ext. Int.
««t 53ft 25ft
36ft
26ft
87
99
35
45
52
68
77
35
44
78
90
36
45
50
58
26
36
36
54
64
24
34
55
88
62
28
38
50
23
27
21
26
55
65
55
65
62
70
62
70
42
45
54
28
36
68
66
58
66
55
45
65
55
45
65
42
53
58
53
58
52
57
70
57
70