CHE

144

CHI

CHAPTREL, from chapiter, the capitals of pillars andpilasters, which support arches, commonly called impost.See Impost.

CHARGED, a term in architecture, implying that onemember of an edifice is sustained by another; in which case,the latter is said to be charged with the former. Thus,a frieze, or other surface, when ornamented, is said to becharged with the ornament; but when the ornament is tooabundant, it is said to be over-charged; a column supportingan entablature is said to be charged with the entablature.

CHAR or Chare ; an old term equivalent to the wordhewn or wrought; thus charred stone is hewn stone, asdistinguished from rubble.

CHARNEL-HOUSE (Latin, caro-camis, flesh ) a vaultedapartment, beneath or adjoining a church, in which humanbones are deposited.

CHARTOPHYLACIUM (Greek, yap Tr )£> paper, an( l0vXatrrretv to guard), the place where records were kept.

CHASE-MORTISE, or Pullet-Mortise, a long mortisecut lengthwise in one of a pair of parallel timbers, for insert-ing the one end of a transverse timber, by making the trans-verse to revolve round a centre at the other end, which isfixed into the other parallel timber. This is applicable toceiling-joists, where the binding-joists are the parallel timbersfirst fixed, and the ceiling-joists are the transverse joints.

CIIAUNTRY. See Chantry.

CHECKERED, or Chequered, a surface is said to becheckered, when it is divided into a number of equal conti-guous parallelograms, alternately coloured. The term issometimes applied to reticulated masonry. See Reticulatedand Masonry.

CHEEKS among mechanics, are those pieces of a machinewhich form corresponding sides, or which are double andalike : two equal and similar parts, generally placed parallelto each other.

Cheeks of a Mortise, the two solid parts upon the sid sof the mortise. The thickness of each cheek should neverbe less than that of the mortise, except mouldings on thestyles require it to be otherwise.

CHEESE-ROOM, a room appropriated for the receptionof cheeses after they are made. Rooms of this descriptionshould be lined round the walls, and fitted up with shelves,having one or more stages, according to the size of the room,and proper gangways for commodious passage. In placeswhere much cheese is manufactured, the dairy-room may beplaced below, the shelf-room immediately above, and loftsover the shelf-room, with trap-doors through each floor.This will save much carriage, and be very advantageous forthe drying of cheeses.

CHEQUERS, in masonry, stones in the facings of walls,having all their joints continued in straight lines, withoutinterruption, or breaking joints. Walls constructed in thismanner, are of the very worst description, particularly whenthe joints are made horizontal and vertical. Those consistingof diagonal joints, or joints inclined to the horizon, wereused by the Romans. See Masonry and Reticulated.

CHEST, in bridge-building, the same as Caisson , which see.

CHEYET (French ), the eastern end of a church, when ofa circular or polygonal form: equivalent to apsis, which see.

CHEVRON-WORK, a zig-zag ornament, sometimes calledthe dancette, usual in the archivolts of Saxon and Normanarches. The outline of chevron-work is a conjunction ofright lines, of equal lengths, alternately disposed, so as toform exterior and interior angles, with the exterior anglesequal to the interior ones; and all the angular points in thesame straight line, or in the same curve line, when they arethe ornaments of arches.

The lines of chevron-work are similar to what i s ^® n .,minated indented lines in heraldry, and not unlike the mtations or teeth of a joiner’s hand-saw; the only dine : 1being the greater inclination of the teeth on one s '.^ e rne don the other; but in chevron-work, they are equally i nc11to the line passing throug h the angular points. . ^

CHIMNEY (from the French , cheminee, derivedthe Latin, caminus , borrowed from the Greek, Ka/iirof*chimney , from kcuw, I burn), that part of a building ' vl1the fire is contained, and through which the smoke p‘away. _ a0 d

The chimney generally consists of an opening in >through a wall, upwards, beginning at the floor on oneof an apartment, and ascending within the thickness 0 ewall, till it comes in contact with the atmosphere, athe roof of the building. . h it

The parts of the chimney, and of the wall in whicinserted, are denominated as fellows: fye

The opening, facing the room, being the place wher efire is put, is termed the fire-place.

The stone, marble, or plate, under the fire-place, isthe hearth. _ ^ a [[ed

That on the same level, before the fire-place,

can

is

the slab.

uities

The vertical sides of the opening, at the extremj

the hearth, forming also a part of the face of the wsapartment, are called jambs.

The head of the fire-place, resting at its extrem 141 ^the jambs, presenting one face vertical in the surface ^wall, and another towards the hearth, is called the w 0,11 t j,eThe whole hollow, from the fire-place, to the top

o»

wall, is denominated the funnel.

That part of the funnel which continually contn

acts,

ids,

diminishes in its horizontal dimensions, as it asC eV gf'tk etermed the gathering, or by some, the gatheriftd J

wings.

of

The. long narrow prismatic tube, over theat part of the funnel which has its horizontal d.m

that part

the same throughout the altitude of the chimney,the flue.

That part between the gathering and flue, is den®®

ate®

apartfflfVtO 1

i

the throat.

That part of the wall which faces the .. r - ,, t pa>-forms the side of the funnel parallel thereto, or tha L fjr e 'the wall which forms the sides of the funnels ol seVplaces, is called the breast. og jte 4 ^

In an outside wall, the side of the funnel oppbreast, is called the bach. e n ' 9 ’

When there are two or more chimneys in the so gto nfothe divisions between them, or the solid parts of ,ytr’ror metal, are called withs. A gable, partition, or P a c Jt °Jcontaining a collection of chimneys, is termed achimneys. »lte , ' I> j

The turret above the roof, for discharging the s ci Jl e

or a collection of chimneys,

or 4 ‘ e

the air, of one, two.

the chimney-shaft; and the horizontal surface,part of the said shaft, the chimney-top.

•itb

When the parallel sides of the jambs are faced jmarble, or metal, so as to form four obtuse angles,internally with the back, and two externally ' iVlt .!_ on si o11 .

di® e . nS „

the outside of the fire-place of greater extensionof the back, the facings are called covings. co^^i

In stone walls of ordinary buildings, thedimensions for the sections of the flues of ®are from twelve to fourteen inches square, and to pjUwork, nine by fourteen inches. The section of t4ie

or side of the apartment, making the horizontal llu t j ja n 411