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the more learned, things of which otherwise they might beforgetful. But if objections still be urged against the employ-ment of the painter’s highest branch of art, surely there canbe no exception brought against such decoration as we havedescribed as occurring at Luton Church. The employmentof texts of Scripture delineated on the walls, is sanctionedby the order of the church, when she enjoins in her eighty-second canon—“ That the ten commandments be set up onthe east end of every church and chapel, where the peoplemay best see and read the same : and other chosen sentenceswritten upon the walls of the said churches and chapels, inplaces convenient.’’ Passages of Scripture well selected andappropriately arranged, would form at the same time a veryuseful and beautiful appendage to the walls of our churches;though, as we think, scarcely equal to the more pictorialillustration advocated above. We should be glad to see theinterior of our places of worship relieved from the coldnesswhich ever hangs about bare walls; let at least some coloureddecorations be introduced into the chancel, if nowhere else.

Of the roof. —Open roofs, those in which all the beamsand rafters are visible, should of course be adopted, the useof ceiling is now almost quite exploded ; roofs of this kindnot only afford an appearance of greater height to the build-ing, hut also have a perspective effect, by the repetition ofthe same parts, which adds to the apparent length of thechurch ; indeed, the same building covered at one time withan open roof, and at another with a flat ceiling, wouldpresent two such very different aspects, as scarcely to berecognized as identical. Various forms may be used, ofwhich, whether rich or simple, beautiful ancient examplesare to be found ; in small churches, where the span is incon-siderable, the arched form may be used with advantage; theamount of trussing increases of course with the span. Tie-beams are scarcely admissible, as they detract from theaspiring principle developed in church architecture, andarrest the eye in its progress upwards; they have in a smalldegree the same effect as a flat ceiling: there is, however,seldom occasion for their employment, they are not requisitein a high-pitched roof, especially where the walls of thebuilding are of considerable thickness; the thrust is rathervertical than horizontal.

Of pews. —Let all the seats be low open benches with lowhacks, the lower the better, as far as convenience will allow;for as the height increases, so must the distance from eachother; if this circumstance be not attended to, the high backwill be found to be in the way: a convenient height is twofeet six, preserving the same measurement between everytwo seats. The benches must be arranged across the churchso as to face the east, and in such a manner as to allow ofeasy access to every part of the church ; for this purpose,there should be a main passage running along the centre ofthe nave five or six feet wide, and another of the saihemeasurement across the church, connecting the north andsouth doors; smaller passages are necessary along the aisles,and at the east end of the nave. In small churches, thestandards at the ends of the seats should be of a plaincharacter, but in the larger ones they may be carved andfinished at the top with poppy heads, &c.

Of galleries. —Galleries should on no account be admittedinto a church; they entirely spoil its appearance, cutting upwindows, and sometimes pillars, into two or more pieces,hiding the roof, marring the proportions, and obstructinga fair view of the interior ; they are noisy, ill-ventilated, andclumsy, and not only are they ill-ventilated themselves, butthey interfere with the proper circulation of air in the aislesbeneath them, and by their principle of over-crowdinga church, assist materially in vitiating the air throughout

the building. And what is the advantage proposedeffected by them ?—the economizing of space, that J s >obtaining of an increase of accommodation at a small expo .but do they effect this object ? decidedly not: the additi°^^ espace obtained by their adoption is very trifling, for a ;atotal area of the gallery must be deducted, not only th e .j,,passage leading at the back of the seats throughout its * eI t0but also the numerous cross passages branching ^ roIO ij e ry,afford convenient access to the different parts of the g al ^ ^so that in fact, in the majority of cases, a full third, a ^some instances nearly one half of the area obtained 13 . g( jin passages of communication; add to this the space occ r pein the aisles by the piers or other supports, and it y gJ . eevident that the advantages in point of accommodation gJ ,very small. When, bearing all this in mind, we c ° .glitthat the walling is frequently carried up to a greater ^

than otherwise necessary, for the sake of introducing a g a nC e$

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we shall scarcely be prepared to defend suchon the score of economy.

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Of the principal furniture .—The first object wm 1 "'a few remarks is the font; it should invariably be ot t peas ordered by the church, and of a size sufficient ^ olJ jimmersion of infants ; there should be a drain leading^ t j )6the bottom of the bowl down into the earth, to carry uS e,water used in the service, and the bowl, when not 1 ^ g0 tshould be protected by a cover. The situation of y j )a yemust be near the entrance in the nave, and shout ^dsufficient space left round it for the priest, sponso^^hothers immediately concerned in the rite. The pulp 1 *’ t ofmay be of wood or stone, should be at the south" e ‘north-east end of the nave, either detached, or built u "grea*the wall or pier, and should not be elevated at t | ) 0 g jde 0a height: if there be a choice of situation, the norttlthe nave is the preferable position. We need say ^ liO 3in this place respecting the furniture of the chancel, a ,, a dkalready been described under that title; we may k jiit°that we should be glad to see the whole of it introdu ^ . g ;0

our modern churches, even to the rood screen,

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much objected to by some, on account of its ^ )ein “’ I , 1 pl 0 ) t ( ,say, a Romish invention, whereas in fact it has been yet;in the Eastern as well as the Western church, fro®

earliest period.

Of the lighting, warming, and ventilation of ^.jjicj 1

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The best method of lighting a church is by caI1< ^ e . ’ ofmay be held either in standards fixed or mova ^chandeliers made after the pattern of the ancie ^ blucis. Gas is cheaper than wax-lights, we are 9a trifling additional expense should scarcely be a co eS) * j

in such a matter; besides, amongst other disadva fl jty ^

--, and the heat emitted from them is °PP ie * c )iU rC |j|

somniferous. A fire-place is hardly admissible .tV<f

glare of gas-lights is but ill adapted to the s °." gg jyea church, and the heat emitted from them is opp* a c ;

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and stoves, hot air or water pipes, should never othey are unsafe, as well as unhealthy. The be ,jj; n gregulating the temperature of a church is by k U 1 c ; r cid !|t ' e rstantial walls, and efficient drains, allowing a f re ® jof air, and keeping the whole building in g°° roo^.^erepair. If low benches, and high - pitched op e galll e 11adopted, while galleries and gas-lights are at t 1 .. t jota j,jjdiscarded, there will be little difficulty as to ven 1 .j 0 n ^Of the restoration of churches .—Little need behead, the main point to be attended to is, “ ie ^ g trU cI ( j,iitbuilding as nearly as possible to its original sta . te ’j ia ppe aS ’ gl icl 1arrangement, and decoration; it most frequently jfithe minutise of the old structure are not traceab e, $

cases the judgment of the architect is called ®where the old arrangement is perceptible, it sno