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t 0 ? We d in the restoration. The first thing to be attended,j ' s *he drainage, many old churches being destroyed bybe ’ ' n ver 7 many cases the earth of the church-yard willfbe fl Un ^ to * lave accumulated to a considerable height abovefern °° r l * le church, and this of course should be at onced at l°' ec *» and a proper ventilation given, to dry the foun-the nS ’ ^e interior walls should be carefully cleansed of°f f) tl ? an y coats of whitewash, so that, in case any vestigesP r OD nt ' n ° rerna i n > they may not be destroyed for want ofthe i cau tion; the same care should be taken in removingceii^ aste f ant * whitewash from the ornamental details; flatWere f 8 ^kewise should be removed with caution, as theyroof le< l uen tly added merely to hide existing defects in theaft e p , Structural restoration should be first attended to,Of la * ari 'angement, and lastly the decoration,ttafrl en ^ ar (jement of churches. — Architects are notin oi? Uent ly called upon to afford increase of accommodationPoint c ' IUlc hes ; it may therefore not be out of place toThe as briefly as possible how this may be best effected.inoj„.- lst st ep is to calculate how much additional accom-th e ' on may be obtained by a proper re-arrangement ofof t) le uts » and a substitution of low benches in the placeaccoi-.i- m ° ( ^ er n pews, and to regulate for further additionsChurches in which additipns are advisable,ch ari(: J' allowing: those which consist only of nave andor rt) . ’ which may be enlarged by the addition of one~--thos e e aiS * es to the nave, and of a tower, if requisite;accom consisting of nave, chancel, and one aisle, wherech Ul . ch Ration is naturally increased in completing theHie n b y 4 he addition of an aisle on the opposite side ofZander 6 ’ an addition frequently contemplated by theC ° ns tru !■ as .' s manifested by the existence of arches ofauv’e a i° n the nave-wall;—those again consisting of ac hancel, with tower between the two, may be•aaybg a y adding transepts, which, in cases of necessity,W'ith t w . USe ? ^ or worshippers. Of churches comprising a nave“e oht a : n a , lS ^ es > a chancel and a tower, increased space may°r Nearly ft, ^ a cont muation of the aisles to the extremity,a 'sl e to tl 6 extrem ity, of the chancel, or by adding anothercases 0 f le n ave. Either of these plans may be adopted in"'coded • ®. rea * n eed, but they are by no means to be recom-fC°ple a * r m both cases the same objection holds, that the•° r Publ; 6 P ac hed into situations which are not convenientin the firsts case, they are made to look'Caich i nt eil p direction from those in the body of the church,» a d, ; n e . res with the apparent unity of the worshippers,b 01 " a pro 6 at ? er ’ a great portion of them are excludedb" 111 Och i! er vie w of the chancel. In such cases it would°Weve r s ° re a dvisable to erect a new church or chapel,jj Parises, a 0r mdmposing, but this necessitates otheri. 8 ^°nld’v nc * * s n °t always practicable; where it is possible,£ ^etuark a ^°P te d in preference. The Rev. J. L. Petit, injo * a c chan 8 i° n ^kurch-Architecture, recommends additionsf ^t i s f ct to be made in almost all cases where enlarge-> but we must differ from him in this matter,ag "? Wer e J Qem kered, that in our old churches, these projec-ts®'de-ch a US . ei ^ ^ con g re g at i°n, kut were employedO^ptioQg ! > i Q fact, their existence is attributable to theiw . f or the 1 c kurch of Rome: such additions may beotk 'f avoid m ation the organ, or such like purposes, butit ; 6r c kurcb a " e ’ ^ or tko accommodation of worshippers. Inthe 8 ^ ett er where none of the above methods are available,pr 0 * l!lv e i 8 a ot to attempt enlargement; the lengthening of■tytiong and* 01 " ex P e di ent > which may at once destroy thei» talf T T ^ ie un *ty of the original design.

18 daily r e . eav e of a subject which we are rejoiced toReiving increased attention. Some few years2 T

since, our ecclesiastical structures were looked upon as rem-nants of by-gone days, to be wondered at for their associationsand antiquities, but scarcely to be imitated in modern times;but of late a new light has appeared, infusing spirit andanimation into the old buildings, and we no longer look atthem as the relics of a barbarous age, but as examplesmost fitting to be followed in all sacred structures; theyformed once the lore of the antiquarian, they are now themodels of the architect. It is a matter of wonder how rapidlyknowledge, on this subject, has been acquired; it is as yetimperfect, but is progressing satisfactorily; fresh discoveriesare being made continually, and ere long we shall have agoodly number of useful text-books on the subject. Wemust not forget, that the first impulse in the right directionwas afforded by the Cambridge Camden Society, to which thegratitude of every lover of our old parish-churches will bereadily accorded. We have now Architectural Societies ofa similar kind established all over the country, to which, inconjunction with the labours and researches of private archi-tects, we look for a great increase of information. An addi-tional incitement to this study has been given by the erectionof so many churches in various parts of the country, in mostof which a vast improvement may be observed on buildings ofa similar kind erected in previous years; it is true they arenot all, perhaps but few, without faults, many of them arefaulty in numerous respects, yet, as a whole, they are verysatisfactory; we cannot do better in concluding this article,than repeat the remarks of Mr. Petit on the progress ofchurch-architecture, and the impediments which the profes-sional man has to encounter in its advancement. “ So great,”says he, “ are the actual and inherent difficulties of his art,and so grievously are they multiplied by external causes, solimited and restricted is he by the perverseness of others,so many conflicting tastes and opinions has he to consult, sobeset is he on every side by the ostentatious views of one, theparsimony of another, the private interests of a third, andthe overweening ignorance of the greater number, that it isa marvel his work should ever be respectable; and we cannotdeny that many of our modern churches are extremelycreditable to the taste and skill of their designers. Let thosewho speak of the labours of the architect with flippancy, orcensure them with unkind ness or severity, reflect upon the dif-ficulties he has to encounter; of no other art are the principlesand beauties more deeply hidden in the treasury of nature*and to be searched out with greater toil and diligence.”

CHURCH-HOUSE, a building in which meetings wereheld for the transaction of church matters and parish business}it was sometimes a room situate over the porch.

CHURCH-YARD, the space of ground surrounding thechurch, used as a cemetery or burial-ground. The entranceto our old church-yards was frequently through a gatecovered with a projecting roof, called the lych-gate, underwhich the coffin was rested before entering the ground; andopposite the porch, was a lofty stone cross elevated on oneor more steps, and frequently adorned with the emblems ofthe Evangelists, and other enrichments. Near the cross wasplanted a yew-tree, whose boughs were carried in processionon Palm Sunday , and used at other times to decorate theinterior of the church.

The unwholesome practice of interment in towns is beingdiscontinued, and consequently the church-yard in such easesis in a great measure dispensed with; where practicable,however, the church should be contained within a walledenclosure. The best model for an extra-mural cemetery,is that lately planned at Oxford: cemeteries are usuallyobjectionable, on account of being made the subjects ofspeculation and pecuniary profit.