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d ee p ; ^° rm a segment of a circle, 27 feet wide, and 8 feettw 0 In centre, to allow the piles to drive more easily;abom J a J d r ows of guide or main piles were then driventran Sv * uet apart, leaving a width of 9 feet between themof wh ? e, y : to these piles were fixed three tiers of walingbei n „ ^bers, cut down and bolted together, one tieran°t| le * ed at the top on a level with high-water mark;Vvay. 1 ip? vd with the bed of the river; and the third mid-iron i. I le P>les and waling were then bolted across with^st-nr ^ ^ eet l° n g> forming a carcass for the inner orresist; ti ’ tbe inner main piles being also firmly braced totimber "\l >ressure at high-water. Horizontal struts of wholeother n'l!r 0 ’ at tbe bac k °f the brace-piles abutted against°f the ^ ! j| dr ‘ ven just within the inner edge of the foundation

2 feetV JI ' es were 36 feet long, driven through the gravel, and'v.tter rn to , tbe clay, the top of which is 28 feet below high-' "Within the waling were two parallel rows of'Oner or'h® ’ 4 ! ie outer or river-side of whole timbers—the<lrive n () an( l'Side of half-timbers. After all the piles werePiling ’ w , le S r avel forming the bed of the river between the'^'cla*' 8 ^ ug out down to the clay, and the space filled inu ater . puddled. For the purpose of pumping out the

]A ten-horse power steam-engine was erected, whiche<ten t of at ; WOr ^ C n 'gl‘ t an d day; and considering the great^"pied <■ e da m,'t is remarkably free from leakage. It^OFpTM Iteen a 1001 !* 3 ' n its construction.

' v ' 1 ich d e j (^ r eek noftvoc, a basket,) the chest or box in> 3 ;! aa bodies are deposited for burial. In ancient times0l ' n amon» j usu ally constructed of stone, and sometimes highly°V

8a ’ as is evidenced by the remains of Egyptian andf §Und i'|?i ) la oi which have been brought to light. In0 f a ev y ,s ® st one coffins were anciently used, frequently

i'ead

j° v ered^“‘j'g" tl y wider than the other extremity; they weres C "1ptu red 1 a lid, which was either flat or coped, and oftenQtr ieti tries crosses and other emblems. They were

e s hapu a s ‘ n gle block hollowed out to receive the body;lay slTgf t i' U 't °i' a trapezium, having the end where the

<mi

aim inner emoiems. rney wereu’" s bm-jed in the ground, though not deeply, sometimestita <* p, ° the I'd, which was visible above ground, and some-CQop®d entirely above ground.

CtYriw the same as Cocking,

0r /<■ "

- w»4iio uo v;vviviiiU) which see.e made' J U0IN > (from the French coin, a corner,) theUe tbe r e u x e b y two surfaces of a stone or brick building,corner ^ rnal or internal; as—the corner of two walls,

ut i .i % t .

the

n °f a an a* -0 ! 1 and a wall, the corner made by two^0U», /^° rn ’ &c. 3

i .Co„

, v ;«*<». See Etjstic. , . \ a block cut

rw 7 M? - - -

u Poa

Pll,

an

., «*>■ iu u> IU iea "

'aster'" mdir >ed plane, for supporting a column, or

^OLLATt^’ ^ ee Coli.ap.ino.

..^OLt a a r ' n g, or cincture. . ~ *

a beam in the construction of a roo ,rn' l mam>T er ends of the rafters, or base of the roof. TN eitW aUv ays in a state of extension, but the collar-beam

W* Prin be ' n a state of compression or extension, accoi din

c oll , iJ !l )i' ds are with or without tie-beams. nC fs >into .'k earasareframedint0 queen-posts; and in eommoS "tfter, themselves. Though trusses m gene, al

>in° r tlirr B e l ! an one collar-beam, very large roo S ,, m ‘J h „ mn3\\ ^Pporf Co ^ nr *bearas, besides the tie-beam. Co a - jtfc Cn ° r tru33 up the sides of the rafters, so f ^without any other support; but then t"'"‘on ^ U , ld only be supported at its extremities. InPutlin roofing, the purlins are laid in the acute

| angles between the rafters and the upper edges of the collar-beams. See Truss.

COLLARINO, or Colarin, that part of a column whichis included between the fillet below the ovolo of the capital,and the upper side of the astragal at the top of the shaft.The collarino is to be found in the modern Tuscan and Doric orders, but not in the three Grecian orders, except in theIonic of the temple of Erechtheus, at Athens, and in somefragments of Ionic columns found in Asia .

The collarino, or colarin, is otherwise denominated theneck, gorgerin, or hypotrachelion.

COLLEGE , a public building, endowed with revenues forthe education of youth and their instruction in the variousbranches of science and literature. An assembly of collegesconstitute a university.

Our colleges consist, for the most part, of one or morequadrangular areas, surrounded by ranges of buildings, whichcomprise a house for the superior, and rooms or lodgings forthe fellows, scholars, &c.; besides which there is always achapel and refectory, or dining hall. Amongst our finestbuildings of this class are those of Christ Church and MertonColleges, Oxford, which, with many others at the sameuniversity, as also at the sister institution at Cambridge, aremagnificent specimens of the architecture of their respectivedates.

In writing on this subject, we must not pass over in silencethe foundation and erection of St. Augustine’s College, Can-terbury, a building which may vie with many an older struc-ture of the same kind, as well in its architectural, as itseducational features.

This college comprises only one area, which is of a quad-rangular form, three of its sides only being occupied withbuildings, the fourth at present consists but of a wall; butthe space is intended to be built upon as occasion demands.The three sides already occupied are the north, east, and west,the cortile on the southern side being enclosed by the wall;of these, the buildings on the two first, the northern andeastern sides, are elevated on a raised terrace, while those onthe south are on a level with the entrance. The materialsemployed for the walling are for the most part flint, withdressings of rag-stone, and, in other cases, rag with Caen stone dressings. The style adopted is the Decorated of thefourteenth century; in the chapel are some parts of an earlierdate, but in other respects the architecture of Edward theThird’s reign predominates.

On entering under the fine old gateway on the southernside, the object which probably first attracts our attention isthe long range of beautiful windows on our left. The longpile of buildings on this side of the quadrangle is raised, aswe before mentioned, on a broad paved walk, or terrace, andconsist besides of two stories, the lower presenting, on theexterior, a series of large, closely-set windows, with interven-ing buttresses ; and the upper a row of nearly double thenumber of windows, but of much smaller dimensions, andwith larger intervening spaces. The lower windows aredivided by mullions into five lights, and their arched headsare filled, with tracery of good design ; while the windows ofthe upper story are of the most simple description, being butplain lancets of one light. This length of building is judi-ciously broken up into three parts by two stair-turrets, whichgive access to the apartments above; and by a door at theside, entrance is obtained to the lower story; one of the tur-rets is used likewise for a belfry. The doors on the terracegive entrance to a long covered ambulatory, 151 feet inlength, lighted by eight fine windows, which we have noticedabove, and covered with a flat roof showing the timbers, witharches spanning across at intervals where required. Out of