CEO

215

CRT

‘>V0 +. # -

Plier r rns * n eac h factor, and where the feet of the multi*to a high number, as well as the feet of the mul-^iltioV ’ ? n< ^ more particularly tlie second mode of crossWe a ' Cat *on ; as in duodecimals, the calculator must eitherot Wiy’ Very g°od memory to require no marginal work, orthat of'*!? the quantity of marginal operations will exceedWe atl le principal work. Artificers and measurers neverM g] a2 . y , acco unt of denominations less than inches, except0r >ly U8 : r f 'V VOrk . ar *d hence cross multiplication is almost theW 0tr| in U J Method of finding the contents ; but where morec ’Mal a ord 0r - S are concerne d» recourse must be had to duode-na decimals, as when the terms of each factor are moreVh ’ oross multiplication cannot be applied.

°Per a t; , e terms of the multiplier are under 10, the

*ill

a fion

how.

W H1 be exceedingly easy, as the following examplehy 5 fgW^--—Multiply 8 feet, 3 inches, 5 seconds, and 7 thirds,

4 inches, 9 seconds, and 6 thirds,ft. in. ii iii8 3 5 7

5 4 9 6

4 18 9 6

6 2 7 2 3

29 1 10 4

41 5 3 11

4l' Vil| he

44 9 o 6 3 0 6

dmit" P® r ceived that there is a great difference between"W each ICa ti° n an d duodecimals, and the purposes to"der '

til w w ho he most advantageously applied ; but theaa y hav 6 wishes for farther information on this subject,p a 4cn eC0Urse t0 the art 'cles Decimals , Duodecimals,

in groins of the pointed style, are thet^Oss y horn one diagonal pier to the other.f is e ° r More • l TlNG ’ a vault formed by the intersection ofitir, 8 / r otn t ^ Slm ple vaults. When each of the simple vaultsden 0n ^- satne level to the same height, the cross vault-'s > in cro' nate ^ a ( J ro ^ n >' hut when one of two simpleHWW d en SS v . au h* n g> is below the other, the intersectiont>ie r a P -Xp ress 0rnina t e( l an arch of that particular species9 ci,l an othe r eS p^ 0t h tke simple arches; thus, if one cylinderPier? ,,! dro_ c ,.°1 greider altitude, the arch so formed is calledh (J., 6 a s plier ^ r * C arc h> an< l if the portion of a cylinder° t hc r T * 0rn inat e a °* S re ater altitude than the cylinder, the archNtd Skee 'es f * s Ph er °-cylindric arch ; and thus, for anyW t | ) ’' v l*ich a ? ck whatever, the part of the qualifyingVi a j®, 8'’eat er ? ,’ n °> denominates the simple vault whichWrvW®- a ^ ltu de, and the succeeding part the other of

• a bar Sukterraneolls vault or crypt.

^V, c i n iron, used in bricklaying and quarrying.

Wow*l >re hend’ ltec t ure ’ tke uppermost member of a cor-V b a ^ Op tke corona and its superior members,

i Vo, a Vti r . n . AR cn, the most elevated line or point thatia 1 18 surface -

t the a fct ' Vep n th me * ry ’ a Pl <flne r ' n g> the surface being con-j n, ° ci r ” t ' e u Wiji r 6 e'rcumferenees of two concentric circles.

6 f ou ?4 by multiplying half the sum of the! °th ^ lat * n g fi 68 * ts breath; for it is easy to conceive,

' O^lea* 1 "’ the wh T kee quidistantly drawn indefinitely nearo .. > "r . °le will be divided into truncated isosceles

l *8ht° r tr an *7 wlu De aividec l ,nt0 truncated isosceles1 an gle8- Z °i ’ wkose opposite angles are equal to> then the broad and narrow ends being

placed alternately in a straight line, and the sides in conti-guity with each other, the whole will form a rectangle, whoselength is equal to the half sura of the two circumferences,and the breadth that of the ring ; for all the middle breadthsare in one straight line, equal to the length of the rectangle.

Example .—Suppose the greater circumference of a crownto be 24 feet 8 inches, and the lesser 21 feet 6 inches, and thebreadth 2 feet 9 inches, required the superficial content ?

By cross multiplication,ft. in.

24 821 6

By decimals.

24.666 = 24f21.5 = 2U

2)46 2

2)46.166

23.0832.75 = 2f

115415

161581

46166

12 ) 209

63.47825 content in ft. & dec.

12

5.73900 inches

12

63 5 9

8.868 seconds.

See

Crown Glass, the finest sort of window - glass.Glass.

Crown-Post, in truss-roofing, the truss-post, which isplaced between a pair of principal rafters, or depending fromthe summit of the principals, in order to support braces orstruts for sustaining the intermediate bearing of the princi-pals, or keeping them from being bent by the weight of thecovering. It is otiierwise called king-post awl joggle-post. SeePost and Truss-Post.

CROWNING, in general, the part that terminates anypiece of architecture. Thus the cornice, a pediment, acroteria,&c., are called crownings.

CRUCIFIX, a cross with a figure or representation ofS. Saviour crucified, affixed to it.

CRYPT, according to Vitruvius , the under part of a build-ing, answering nearly to our cellar.

The term is more particularly applied to a vaulted apart-ment beneath a church, either entirely, or partly underground. Crypts owe their origin to the circumstance of theearly Christians being compelled, for the sake of secrecy andconcealment, to perform their sacred services in caves andsubterraneous places, some of which are still pointed out atRome . Crypts are not unfrequent, especially under largechurches, they seldom, however, extend the whole length ofthe church, being usually confined to the choir or chancel,and sometimes not extending so far as this; they are usuallylow and massive, of an earlier and plainer style than thesuperstructure. Many crypts are claimed as belonging to theSaxon style, as those of Lastingham Church, Yorkshire ;S. Peter’s, Oxford; Repton Church, Derbyshire ; and portionsof those of many of our cathedrals.

Crypts were formerly used for service, and accordingly areprovided with altars and other furniture requisite for the pur-pose. The most extensive building of this kind is that underCanterbury Cathedral , which is thus described by Mr. Britton: