CUB

216

CUB

“ Like those at Winchester, the crypts of Canterbury Cathe-dral appear to have been built at different times. Theireastern termination is semicircular; which form has beenalso observed in the small lateral chapels. The interior lengthof the Canterbury crypts is 286 feet 6 inches. The age of theoldest part has long been the subject of controversy; but fromits similarity to the crypt at Oxford, it may be regarded ascontemporaneous with that; it was most probably the workof Lanfranc , about a.d. 1080. The larger, or western crypt,is divided into a nave and four aisles, by two rows of massivepiers, and by a double range of small columns; whilst thepiers and walls of the aisles have semi-columns to support thevaulting. Branching laterally from each aisle is a vault orchapel; that on the south side, the vaulting of which isadorned with many ribs, bears evident marks of innovation,and is supposed to have been converted into a chantry chapelby Edward the Black Prince , whose arms are seen among itsornaments. Towards the eastern end of this crypt was achapel, inclosed with screen-work, and dedicated to the HolyVirgin. The crypt under the Trinity Chapel, or east endof the cathedral, is singular in form and character. Its planassumes the figure of an horse-shoe ; and is divided into anave and aisles by a series of eight piers, each formed of twocolumns, engaged about one-quarter of their diameter, sup-porting four semicircular and five pointed arches, theirrespective forms being influenced by the width of the inter-columniations. In its central division, or nave, are two smallinsulated shafts, with large capitals and bases to support theribbed groining, which is distinguished from that of thewestern crypt by cross-springers and bold mouldings. At theeastern extremity is a small vaulted chamber, forming the ter-mination of these interesting apartments.”

Amongst the smaller examples, may be noticed that ofHythe, Kent, and those of Repton, and St. Peter’s in theEast, Oxford, before-mentioned.

Cbypto-Porticus, a subterraneous passage, as the originalword implies. If we may judge (says Winckelman) from theremains of antique edifices, particularly those of the VillaAdriani, at Tivoli, we might be led to believe that the an-cients preferred darkness to light: for, in fact, we find scarcelyany chamber or vault among these ruined edifices, which hasany appearance of windows. It seems probable, that in some,the light was only admitted through an opening in the middleof the vault, but as the vaults are generally fallen, this pointcannot be ascertained. The inhabitants of Italy are naturally1 attached to the shade and coolness of half-lighted apartments.

| j The long galleries of the Villa Adriani, which are undoubtedlycrypto-porticos, receive a feeble light at each end, from em-bracing near the ceiling.

The term erypto-porticus was, however, applied, in courseof time, to apartments similar to our galleries.

We find, in Pliny ’s description of his house at Laurentium,that the crypto-porticus had windows on each side, lookingtowards the sea, and upon his garden ; also other windowsover these. When the weather was cold, they were shut onthe side that sheltered them from the wind, but in warm andserene weather they were all set wide open.

CUBATURE, or Cobation, of a solid, the solid contentsaccording to any common measure, as a solid inch, foot, yard,

( &c., which is called the measuring unit. The cubature is the

| same in respect to the contents of a solid, as the quadraturej is in respect of a superficies.

! There is one general rule that will apply to finding theoubation of nearly all the regular solids as entire bodies, orto their frustums or segments, viz. “to four times the areaof the middle section add the area of each end ; multiplyI one-sixth of this sum (which is the mean area) by the

the

distance between the ends, and the product will g ivetent of the solid.” v ;z-,

This rule has been applied to three particular cases>_ ^in the prismoid, cask measuring, and the frustum ^ ahyperboloid ; it has also been demonstrated rather

theoretical curiosity, than as a practical rule, at 41 te iof Dr. Hutton’s Mensuration , applied to solids g enfrom conic sections. , c0 jjr

This rule, however, applies to solids in general, an t j l0 ugl Jprehends the whole of mensuration in its principl esuch an extension has never been noticed by any. jaon the subject, yet it cannot fail to be of the lltro ° s .^tte 11 ’assisting the memory ; for when particular rules are ..j^ppl/this general one may be easily remembered. It o(l0 \d>>with accuracy to prisms, pyramids, prismoid3, cones, ^cuneoids, spheres, spheroids, and to all their segmfrustums, cut by planes parallel to their axes. (J , l5 y

Some may object, however, by saying it is n p atr! jig^come at the dimensions of the middle section ; but u 1 /' lull*solids these will be very readily ascertained, by * athe sum of the two ends ; in complete spheres and spthe middle dimension is absolutely given. In the ‘‘I” -on < sand its frustums, the dimensions of the middle s ^ ori ju$ iitdmuch easier obtained than either the transverse or 0 j 3tJdiameters, one of which, or both, it would ot j u0 is,necessary to have. In the paraboloid and its fi' us r 0fmiddle area is half the sum of the areas of the two e ^ t ii>

eH 1

f

reader who is desirous of seeing the applicat 1011general rule, may consult the article Solid. , i py

CUBE (from, kv(3oc, tessera, die) a solid, boun ^ s iil^'squares ; it is otherwise called a hexahedron, from lta j at rig*‘jIts simple properties are, that its sides are all e fl urt ’.jg S pa 1 ' 11 * jangles with each other : it has also its opposite si De r# te 6to each other. The cube may be conceived to b® to *by a square figure along a right line, of equal ie>^ froside of the square, and perpendicular to the P u s°‘its construction, it its evident that all sections o

parallel to any side, are equal.

■V'

r!" v

equal to four times A b, marking the points ■ ^

E G i ; draw B c parallel to A D, and D C P al at f,

parallel to which also draw ep,g h, i k, cutting

crBd

the

o« es y

produce e f and G h on both sides, to E and M ^ ga0 hand N and o on the other,making el, g M, f

II 0, 1

: the

eii'"

el°f

to e f, and join L M and N O ; this will conaple e ( ] l6

required. ulVpV l1>e

Hence the superficies of a cube is found by ® 0 {

area of one of its sides by 6. . „ the a ’

The solidity of a cube is found by multiply i ^ a ;one of its squares by one of the lineal site® ^ j, e L - lPHence if one lineal side be 10, the solidity c j, coi‘and if 12, it will be 1728 ; wherefore a 011 , i j nC |ie8- t [ |t jr1,000 cubic feet, and a cubic foot of 1728 cu ' j>at j 0 o»Cubes are to one another in the triplin' 1 a __

lineal sides. muh'!’'!"

CUBIC NUMBER, one which arises by *" anot Uerequal numbers, and the product again ^ _y 72 ^

m

the

er

fl e:

number : thus, 12 X 12 = 144, and 144 X i '"’ a nd

CUBICLE, a bed-chamber. See Chamber, ^

word. , rhan’bfvh ^ |t!

abed-cn-

CUBICULUM, among the Romans,

name was also given to the balcony or

logia,

in

emperors were placed at the public games. ^ pa** 1CUBIT, a lineal measure used by the !111CI n > g af"by the Hebrews, taken from that part of a m<

81*

.U illiy SIUgj die Lt|udli ' £ *

The envelope,rete, or net, maybe thus cor ) s . tlU e , lC h ottwo lines, ad and ab, at a right angle with ‘ all ilmake a b equal to the side of one of the sq u * 11 -’ ( jjvi ! > 1 „

'■ to

s ii e ’