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dwelling-houses, and apartments: gatesto cities, fortresses, parks, gardens, &c.

Hil e ,, res °f gates, being always wide, are usually archedA Cc l ® figure of doors is generally a parallelogram.

^°or s '| "'S to Vitruvius , the hypothyron, or aperture forblent to ‘ OI >W be as follows :—“ The height from the pave-Part s ° l ' le ceiling of the temple being divided into threefile j, e j n ~ a half, two of the whole parts were allowed for>«to tv ° °f the door. These two parts were subdivided«W ed eVe sma ber parts, of which five and a half weretort 48 t b (! width of the door at the base; and the upper‘‘‘ore t , Coi itracted according to the following rules: if notl^th of 0 high, the contraction was one-third of the

v a H(l ^ le jamb on the face; if the height was more thanl ir,^!' 0 *' more than 25 feet, a fourth part of the width of

**°t ftXC(i °bly was employed ; and from beyond 25 feet, and^* u blic h " ^ 6et ’ one " e igbth only.’’— Vitruvius , book iv.

j 8 r eat (> hidings, palaces, and noblemen’s mansions, where?°ors 0 p ^course of company may be expected, should have

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l, eri 0r niUc b greater dimensions than those of buildings ofi' 1 ' 1 0 p a Jjb; from six to twelve feet may be taken for the

, °Se ; n ' ,|fi e outer entrance, and from four to six feet for^ v e but * 6 ‘ nter ' or: in private houses, the latter, if they'half ; n ° ne leaf, should never be more than three feet andi tljgj r ® a fith, nor less than that of the windows. In all1 .' v liici l 1 ' should be proportioned to that of the story

SS are placed, except where they are used for

?.beii»iw. a P ar tments into one; in which case they will be

1 “Oi&ht- e,us alio oue; m wfifiiviy 633 t^an double the width.6a for

111 •” for *’ ? s we l* ave before observed, has prescribedof f a pert ^ C ’ ^ on ‘ c > an< l Doric doors, all of which havejj. fills sh Ures w >der at the bottom than at the top: examples: -NalS?. ma ybe seen in the ruins of the temple of'n °lias at Athens^ the temnle of Vesta at. Tivoli.

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in

M^ablJ 16 “Vantage of shutting themselves, to which theyJopteJ^e their'invention ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘

otlie

at Athens, the temple of Vesta at Tivoli,Greek and Roman remains. These doors

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, — .... , and they may be conveniently

Car rn °fi ern houses, as they rise in opening, and willP et > though when shut, they go close down upon

be |^ c ’P a l entrance to a building of any magnitudebii'^'P r "ira ri( , 6 centre ! as productive of the greater symmetryfir. 'l 11 * C<- ~~ ’ 11 ’’

should

a,lCe - and as communicating more readily with theof the interior. In the principal rooms,

^C^ments

fti to acf”'' 1 b® two feet, at least, from the return of theer mit 0 f f urn j( ure being placed close up in the

he jj

' r,( ' thp^ S .°fi exterior doors should always range with

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^lally ."’“‘flows. Apertures placed in blank arcades,tt. ‘ Vb ( . b ace< f at the same height as the springing of the’{-/'‘‘‘ce, j le y have dressings, the head of the architrave,hi ^ fiecor f eneral *y on the level of the impost.

Mtb c fiitr ;iv atl ° n s of a door-way commonly consist either ofCoidj^j SUrroun ding it, with or without a cornice, or1 flank' 6te ent ablature: consoles are sometimes intro-f‘tli °! the c * n S. the architrave jambs, and supporting the1 °% Wla^^'ice. When the architrave jambs are flankedS (jfi'e p r ®l whether of the orders, or of some emblematical1,1 thiit^p 1 ' 0113 °fi their bases and capitals are alwayst'i’s° Vei ' the °* t .b |e surrounding architrave, and the archi-M j “*'e So „ Ca Pitals is similar to that over the door itself.t ‘'ll v «ry e et ‘ mes decorated with one of the five orders,b^Pl^ porti c ° ns ’^ era ble buildings, the entrance is adorned• °> so as to resemble an ancient Grecian

V >ishi

^ l * le P* ers g at es ? or outer doors, it should’ a s a general rule, that as the pier is itself

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only an inferior building, it should never be richer than thefront of the house. As for instance, where the front ofthe latter is ornamented with Doric columns, the Ionic shouldnot be found in the piers ; and it would be better to omitcolumns altogether, than use the Tuscan order for piers inany case. If the Ionic or Corinthian orders be used in thefront of the house, the Doric or Ionic may be with proprietyintroduced in the piers. Niches are almost always introducedinto piers, for which reason the columns do better on pedes-tals, because the continued moulding from their cap formsan agreeable ornament under the niche.

The wooden closures by which the apertures are openedor closed, come within the province of the joiner ; these areproperly the doors, and are either framed, battened, orledged, as described in the following articles. In ordinary,and even in good houses, frequently, the doors are of deal;in noblemen’s mansions, they are often of mahogany, solidor veneered, and sometimes of wainscot, especially when thebuilding is in the antique style. Apartments reserved forthe reception of money, plate, jewels, &c. are usually securedwith iron doors ; and in the descriptions of ancient temples,we read of doors of ivory, brass, silver, and gold.

Dook, Baize, the inner door of an apartment, coveredwith baize for securing the room from the influx of thecold air.

Doors, Batten, though formerly much in use, are nowconfined to buildings in the pointed style of architecture.They consist of boards ^ glued together, to the size of theaperture, with styles, rails, and munitions, made of battens,nailed upon them, so as to give the appearance of a frameddoor. This may be done, either on one or both sides ; andthe door is accordingly denominated single or double battened.The vertical joints should be hid by the munnions of theframing ; and the latter, instead of being glued, should bebolted through to a framing behind, which will make themvery strong. The large gates and doors of ancient Britishedifices are thus constructed. The practice of imitating theframing of Grecian and Roman doors, is not, however, to berecommended in modern times, especially if no bolts be used:for the stuff, however well seasoned, will be shbject to theinfluence of the atmosphere, and shrink or swell, as the airis dry or damp. It is scarcely necessary to remark, that thisevil will be enhanced in proportion as the wood is lessseasoned.

Doors, Framed, which are either single, folding, double,or double margin, are employed in all descriptions of build-ings, and consist of styles, rails, panels, and, in most cases,of munnions also. The framing includes all the parts butthe panels, and is held together with mortises and tenons.The styles are the vertical parts of the framing at the sides.The.rails are the horizontal pieces, tenoned into the styles.Munnions are parts of the framing, tenoned into the rails.The panels fill up the holes left in putting the framingtogether, and are let into grooves cut in the internal edgesof the styles, rails, and munnions. Doors are generallyframed in rectangular compartments ; though other forms,as circles, ellipses, lozenges, &c. may be adopted, accordingto the fancy of the proprietor, or the taste of the builder.Framed doors are either square or moulded ; the former areused only in common houses. Mouldings are of variousforms, some confined within the framing, and others project-ing beyond it. The mouldings and form of the panels of thedoor, generally regulate those of the window-shutters.

Folding doors, or doors of communication, are made in twobreadths, and have a pair of styles to each leaf.

TheBuilding Act (7 and 8Yict.cap.84) requires that open-ings through party walls be secured by wrought-iron doors.