DOR
290
DOR
“ Such openings must not be made wider than six feet,nor higher than eight feet, unless in each case, and uponspecial evidence of necessity for convenience or otherwise,the official referees shall previously authorize largeropenings.
“ And the floor, and the jambs, and the head of every suchopening, must be composed of brick or stone, or iron workthroughout the whole thickness of the wall.
“ And every such opening must have a strong wrought-iron door on each side of the party wall, fitted and hung tosuch opening without wood-work of any kind ; and suchdoors must hot be less than one-fourth of an inch thick inthe panels thereof.
“ And each of such doors must be distant from the othernot less than the full thickness of the party wall.”
Double doors are contrived to close against each other, inopposite directions, tiie one opening outwards, the othergoing inwards, in order to keep the apartment warm: theinner door being generally covered with baize.
Double margin doors, are single doors, with a broad piecerunning vertically down the middle, called the staff-style,imitating the two internal styles of folding doors when shut.
Whatever kind of door be adopted, it should, for the sakeof uniformity, be used in all the apartments of the samestory.
Farther particulars may be seen under Architrave, andJoinery.
The term door is sometimes applied to the gates of locksor sluices
DOORWAY, the entrance or aperture in which the dooris hung. Doorways are usually rectangular in shape, butsometimes arched. In the early styles previous to the intro-duction of the arch, all apertures consisted by necessity ofan horizontal lintel supported by two vertical jambs, althoughnot unfrequently the jambs inclined converging upwards.Doorways were enriched in a variety of ways, often by aplatband running round the jambs and lintel, and sometimesby an entablature above the lintel. An elaborate work uponthe subject has been published by Professor Donaldson.
Soon after the introduction of the arch, that form wasapplied to doorways, the form of the arch, whether semi-circular, pointed, or otherwise, being determined by the dateand style of the building. Of the first form, the Romanesquestyle aflords us some very beautiful specimens, witness thatof the Temple Church, London , which is a very fine example,and consists of a compound arch, that is to say, a series ofconcentric and receding arches, each arch with its pier beingprofusely adorned with pillars and enriched mouldings of allkinds. These doorways seem to have been admired inall ages, for frequently, when all the rest of a church has beenpulled down to make room for one of a more elaborate ormore fashionable style of architecture, the old Romanesquedoorway has been preserved, and worked up in the newstructure. For exquisite examples of doorways in thepointed styles, we have only to refer to the magnificentwestern entrances of the Continental cathedrals, and thesmaller and less elaborate, though not less beautiful, examplesin our own country.
DOORWAY-PLANE, a term sometimes applied to thespace between the doorway properly so called, and the largerdoor archway within which it is placed. This space isfrequently ornamented with sculpture, &c.
DORIC ORDER, the most ancient Grecian order of archi-tecture, was first used in building the temple of Juno atArgos, at the period when Dorus, father of the Dorians ,reigned in the Peloponnesus ; though, according to Vitruvius ,its symmetry and proportions were not fixed till Ion, the
nephew of Dorus, and chief of the Ionians, led an r - ^ 8 rd®colony into that part of Asia Minor winch was ^
t io* 1
distinguished by his name, and there built a temp ’ g
♦In r.ioliirtM r\C tlinQii in tlia Il.ivi n n atotPQ. the @0
the fashion of those in the Dorian states, - or iwhich were six diameters in height, taking the p liisfrom the ratio that a man’s foot bears to the heigbody. fo.gjn tb®
The Doric is distinguished, in general appearance, ^ iv -el*succeeding orders, by its bold and massy proportions,as by its comparative want of ornamentation ; all its Pbold and prominent, its details few and imposing- j e r''' e< *Its origin is stated by Vitruvius to have b ee ® ^ ^e( efrom the primitive buildings of the Greeks, w i s t o a ®
made of timber ; but others derive the style f rom , atl J th®structures of Egypt , and others from those of c0 ss dl ' 9East. It would be the more natural method to 1 c0 ul*
. nc®
uiic Yviui ita uuguiar uumcisj -- inco< ‘ ,1/
between the columns extremely narrow an . |
indeed, even without a base, the space was
incon^tl 13 '
small, and was felt to be so, as we gather from^ eJ) trthe intercolumniation of the portico opposde ^jjer 1
c es }
to the interior:
we
can
nCC
me iiiieieoiummauou ui me pui-uw -M , ia , a u‘ L ‘ ,
door was increased in width, evidently to an° r rc ely ,, n c®
a b» se Lstedbelieve s ugg e (ll e
idea bel^ldiy
-- — -, notwithstanding,
ourselves to conclude that this was the reasonof a base. We rather incline to believe^ thatyet never been thought of, the
us® 111
tb» tiu 01
■E-asi. il wouiu ue 111b mure natural uicmu- -subject ere proceeding farther, but as the discussionnot be readily understood without some previous acq ualwith the details and general character of the order, ^be as well to turn our attention to these matters first oi ^This order then consists, like the others, of col®® e i>'entablature, but differs from them in this, that the fits a[K )turned division comprises only two members, thecapital; the base, which is indispensable in the other , e rbeing omitted in this, at least in the earlier ana J t |,isexamples, as practised by the Greeks. The reason 0 tomission has been accounted for in various ways by a ^ tt o-writers : Vitruvius will have it, that the base was hrsduced m the Ionic order to represent the sandal or dof a woman’s foot, and that in the Doric , which rese® ^some way or other a strong muscular and barefoot t))J tthis member was not appropriate. Some are of op® o( (liethe omission was occasioned by the close proxi® 1 y xC reS‘columns in this order, which would not admit of Wcence at the base. It is true the intercolumniation g qii!ir®contracted, and the addition of any base, especially 0 gjag®one with its angular corners, would render *^ ve nie n f’
riag
d ev 0id of bases, IndV'T^’ -
' r ear b'er essavs th* ^ rea «onable to presi• an a copy an / ’ *| ie Greeks aimed at nothing ~ r
fl0t think either ot ad
on which the ’bidldin'* 3 " rkes immediately from the p^jyRaised on a series tt fi 8tands > but this platform was ^’ he
T™, of ^bich a r V ree 0r more ^ps S nldat ’°uy ° (!
Th \ m>an step hut P / opoi ' tion ed not to the ;
T } e shaft, whence™ the magnitude of the ^ is ;~ '-"- J P ared with those of the other ° r f 0n Jf
j tg height hem s ■
-the ;
of stunted and massy proportions, lts ,.\Jf t er 5 , nnS ,5 or 6 times greater than its lower ‘ j:,neu s10 t
un 19
greater than its lower ~diameter, however, is of much smaller ^ c j rC icolumn converging rapidly towards the caf>> ’ T 0 "^
which gives an appearance of great sta i 1 j —ou
ts”.
carve* 1
, 1111 “
th'®
top of the I -
the shaft, so^s^n’J 1 mrrow channel is car--
marks the divti^ an annulus in recess .\°’M° ug l
a Portion aboveth- • between the shaft and capitahj 1 ^° Ve thls 19 in form nothing more than a ^