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Sue)f l6rS or ot ' ier flexible twigs.^ the'

Scions are used during a siege, in executing trenches

°H Process of sapping : for this purpose, they are placed0 j,’ w *th their sides inclining a little outwards, on thatb -t ^ e *' ne a PP r °ach which is nearest to the fortress ;filled with earth obtained by the excavation of theAf( e 1 tlj ey form a protection against the fire of the enemy.*° tli e le S a bions are filled, the required thickness is given% ]j t ^P ara pet of the trench by throwing the earth below

(from the British, gavel) the upper portion ofI 11 sh a building wall, which closes the end of the roof,

I s *milar to a triangle, and answering, in some

V to the term Pediment, applied to classic arcliitee-i i j Sable forms a prominent feature in mediasval build-i \io |Js ** its shape conforms to that of the roof; which isi Jf tb e at 'Afferent periods. In Norman buildings, the angle^ f ly * s as nearly as possible a right angle, while iny n Slish edifices the gable is frequently an equilateralMii e | • In the Decorated the roof is somewhat depressed,Hldi ae P r ession increases in the Perpendicular and later^Piiir, ® s ‘ The finish to Norman gables was probably a flatf^ttie ^ ? ar iy English a moulded coping, sometimes further

Syted with crockets and finials ; but these were moreintroduced in the later styles, in which also theH**® 0 sometimes finished with a pierced parapet orlf|; ' f 0o ® nt - In Domestic architecture, gables with overhang-

of ' 5le

'y°? Were ornamented with Barge-Boards.a K, is also applied to the entire wall at the gable-end

I typing.

y u e ' r ooped, having a roof abutting against a gable wall,j ^4ljr pT 1NDOW > a window in the gable end of a building.

| j 8ubl e p a small gable ; an ornament in shape like! V’^quently introduced over tabernacles, niches, but-

f ‘

A dr aw -’ (French ) in carpentry and joinery, an instrument. ilel one or more lines on any side of a piece of stuff,ti ^* e re ° De t i‘ e arrises of that side.

^- and _ ar c four kinds of gages : the common gage, the mor-y Coqj enon gage, the internal gage, and the flooring gage.

- dr a y on gage and the flooring gage are both applied tov/y ln g °f a line parallel to an arris.

p a ^mon gage consists of two pieces of wood, one ofI) • ®6lt 68 trough a mortise in the other, and has an ironfy m., 0< y Axed near one of its extremities ; so that the% be ;

, Piaced at any distance from the mortised piece:

*1^86 P le ce which passes through the mortise is fixed bya 6 *W a 80 trough that piece : the piece through whicht^^gh tk 6 P asses is called the head, and the piece passinge m ° r tise, in which the iron tooth is fixed, is called

1 »T h<! «i a 1- •

y Ve a a- Jlne 18 drawn from the arris upon one side, atil j at rj J] 8tance » tbe head is a fence that always keeps the° at|( l tro 1 an °' es to the arris, and equidistant, in moving

6 T

i < a hollow cylinder of wicker-work, resembling

<y et , but having no bottom. It is formed by plantingI btligj, st akes vertically in the ground, at intervals from eachI *y y tbe circumference of a circle, and interweaving with

The mortise-and-tenon gage is a common gage with a lon-gitudinal slider, moveable in a dovetail groove : the sliderhas also a tooth fixed as near to the end next the tooth in theend of the staff as possible ; so that the teeth may be broughtalmost to any distance from one another.

The internal gage is constructed similar to the staff of themortise-and-tenon gage: it has a longitudinal slider, thewhole length of the staff, without a head, or any other tooththan that of the slider.

The flooring gage consists of a head and staff fixed toge-ther, at a very obtuse angle : on the head are a number ofequidistant furrows at right angles to the staff: the sectionof each furrow is an internal right angle, one side of whichis in a straight line with the tooth, and the other becomesa fence in the act of gaging.

This gage is made to aswer battens or deals of variouswidths : Each width is numbered, according to the furrowthat is applied as a fence ; so that a flooring board, which isnot'sufficiently long, may be extended, by a piece of the samebreadth, to the length required.

GAIN, the bevelled shoulder of a binding-joist for thepurpose of giving additional resistance to the tenon below.See Tusk.

GALILEE, a porch, usually built at or near the west endof the great abbey - churches, where the monks collectedthemselves, and drew up in returning from some of their pro-cessions ; where dead bodies were deposited previous to theirinterment; and where, in certain monasteries, females alonewere allowed to see the monks to whom they were related,or to attend divine service.

Galilees exist in England in the cathedrals of Durham ,Ely, and Lincoln. In the former instance, it is a large chapelat the west end of the nave, measuring 80 feet by 50, anddivided into five aisles by semi-circular arcades on clusteredcolumns ; it likewise contained three altars. The galilee atEly is in the same position, but of much smaller dimensions,while that at Lincoln is on the west side of the southtransept.

Many improbable conjectures have been formed concerningthe derivation of the name. The real occasion of it seems tobe this : when any female applied at the abbey-gate for leaveto see her relative, who was a monk, she was directed to thewestern porch of the church, and told, in the terms which sofrequently occur in the service of the pascal time, alludingto Matt, xxviii. 10, and Mark xvi. 7, that she should see himin Galilee. This explanation is confirmed by a passage ofGervasius the monk of Canterbury. De Combust, et Repar.Dorob. Ecc. Twysd. X. Script.

GALLERY, an apartment of a house, not always destinedto answer the same purpose : the term is applied, in a generalway, to any passage or apartment, the length of which greatlyexceeds its breadth. A common passage to several rooms inone range, in any upper story of a house, is called a gallery;a long room for the reception of pictures is called a gallery ;the platform raised upon pillars, or projected from the wallof a church, open in the front to the central space, for theaccommodation of a greater number of people than the bodyof the church would admit, is called a gallery. The whisper-ing-gallery of St. Paul’s, as also that of the chapel of Green-